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Who were the “midnight judges”? Judges who received their appointments only hours before John Adams left office. What law did the Supreme Court use in deciding Marbury v. Madison? The Judiciary Act of 1789 What was the motive for the First Seminole War? General Jackson and his troops invaded Florida without presidential authorization. 5. Before the War of 1812, why were Americans reluctant to build new factories and machinery? because British manufacturers could produce large amounts of goods and charge lower prices The Neutrality Proclamation allowed the United States to remain neutral to which countries? to all nations at war in Europe What event brought on the rallying cry of the American people “Millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute!” ? the XYZ affair What concept influenced the works of James Fenimore Cooper and Washington Irving? nationalism What best describes the occupations of most people in Europe and the United States, in the early 1700s? farmers Why did cities grow rapidly during the mid1800s? a.due to immigration and the migration of rural inhabitants to urban areas During the 1800s, what made the growth in communication, trade, and travel possible? the introduction of steamboats, railroads, and the expansion of roads and canals What caused the slave trade to increase during the early 1800s? because growing and harvesting cotton and other southern crops required a large number of field hands Why did the American Anti-Slavery Society split in 1840? over the role of women in the abolition movement Why did more poor white men gained suffrage in the 1820s and 1830s? because many states eliminated property ownership as a qualification for voting. What was the purpose of the American Temperance Society and the American Temperance Union? to urge people to give up or to limit the consumption of alcohol What is significant about the textile mill in Pawtucket, Rhode Island? It was the first successful mill What was the function of the Indian Removal Act? to open land in the Southeast to American farmers What was the motive for the First Seminole War? General Jackson and his troops invaded Florida without presidential authorization. With the technical advances of the 19th century, how could workers more easily assemble products and replace defective parts? because of interchangeable parts What is significant about the textile mill in Pawtucket, Rhode Island? It was the first successful mill Who turned the fight for women’s right into a political movement? Susan B. Anthony What was the first capitol of the Republic of Texas? Houston How would you explain why Presidents Andrew Jackson and Martin Van Buren declined to annex Texas? because Texas would have entered the Union as a slave state During the 1800s, what made the growth in communication, trade, and travel possible? the introduction of steamboats, railroads, and the expansion of roads and canals How would you explain how Eli Whitney contributed to the Industrial Revolution? He introduced mass production and interchangeable parts How would you describe the people John Brown intended to arm as a result of his raid on Harper’s Ferry? as Slaves who would begin an insurrection against slaveholders. How would you explain the Southern reaction to the abolition movement? They united in their defense of slavery. What is significant about the publication of the paper the North Star? It was published by abolitionist Frederick Douglass. From 1836 to 1844, the Gag Rule prevented discussion about which issue in the U.S. House of Representatives? antislavery petitions How would you express the reason Angelina and Sarah Grimké joined the antislavery movement? They rejected the views of their southern, slaveholding family. How would you classify the roles of Frederick Douglass, Sojourner Truth, and Harriet Tubman in the abolition movement in relation to their race and former social status? Key, since all were former slaves who spoke for the movement How would you describe the views of Horace Greeley and William Lloyd Garrison relating to abolition? Greely and Garrison were both prominent leaders in the abolition movement. Who was the Underground Railroad designed to aid? slaves How would you classify the movement led by Harriet Tubman? She led the Underground Railroad Movement, a network of people who arranged transportation and hiding places for fugitive slaves. How would you describe the Underground Railroad Movement? a network of people who arranged transportation and hiding places for fugitive slaves. Why did Harriet Beecher Stowe write her powerful antislavery novel? She read slave narratives and met fugitive slaves in Ohio, where she lived Which controversy resulted in the Compromise of 1850 and eventually led to the Civil War? maintaining the balance of power of slave and free states in the Senate. Why did southern leaders refer to cotton as “King Cotton”? because of the importance of the cotton trade to the South’s economy How would you describe the Fugitive Slave Act? As part of the Compromise of 1850. When Stephen Douglas introduced the Kansas-Nebraska bill, how did southern senators react? They agreed to abandon their plan for a southern railroad route if the new territory west of Missouri was opened to slavery. What motivated Thomas Jefferson to send Lewis and Clark to the Louisiana Purchase? to learn about the West and find a river route to the Pacific Ocean. What treaty that ended the Mexican War? The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. Which party was united by its followers’ opposition to the expansion of slavery? The Republican Party How would you describe the major issue dividing the parties in the election of 1860? as slavery Which presidential candidate opposed the spread of slavery but promised not to support abolishing it where it already existed? Abraham Lincoln What was ordered by the Emancipation Proclamation? It called for all slaves in areas rebelling against the Union to be freed What was the main idea of The Morrill Act of 1862? the granting of public lands to states for land-grant colleges How did German immigrant Levi Strauss earn his fortune in California? by making durable denim work pants to sell to miners How did California enter the Union? As a free state. What was the main result of Lincoln suspending writs of habeas corpus? A person could be imprisoned indefinitely without a trial Which Confederate attack ignited the Civil War? The attack on Fort Sumter How would you classify the military leadership of the Southern army? The South had more skilled military leaders than the North What can be said about the significance of the Union capture of the City of Vicksburg? They would control the Mississippi River Which city was the location of the first capital of the Confederacy? Montgomery Which Northern Alabama county disagreed with Alabama’s decision to secede from the Union? Winston County Why did Lincoln want to prevent Maryland from seceding? Washington D.C. would be surrounded by confederate territory Why didn’t Robert E. Lee accept command of the Union troops? He could not fight against Virginia and the south What was the purpose of Sherman’s “March to the Sea” through Georgia? To destroy anything that may be of use to the enemy Who was promised 40 acres and a mule” by General Sherman? Freed slave families in the South What was the most important transportation advantage held by the North during the Civil War? More miles of Railroad tracks How would you classify the Southern belief that the cotton trade would win them foreign support during the Civil War? Cotton diplomacy What Mississippi city did Grant surround in 1863? Vicksburg What river was strategically important for the control of commerce and troops in the Cofederacy? Mississippi River Same as #53 How would you summarize the importance of the capture of Chattanooga by Union forces during the Civil War? The Union would control a major Railroad running south to Atlanta What best identifies where Lee’s attempt to launch an offensive into Union territory ended in defeat? Gettysburg Why did the Union navy want to blockade the South? To cut off Southern trade and hurt the economy What was the reaction of many southerners to Lincoln’s election? They believed Lincoln would abolish slavery How would you describe the attitude of the Radical Republicans toward the citizenship of former slaves? They should be granted citizenship, including the right to vote What were the features of Lincoln’s plan for Reconstruction? Lenient and fair treatment for the South How would you classify people known as carpetbaggers? Northern-born Republicans who came South after the war What best describes the sharecropping system? Sharecroppers provided landowners with their labor in exchange for part of the crop. Describe the purpose of the Freedmen’s Bureau? To provide relief for all poor people in the South How would you identify the action that signaled the end of Reconstruction? The passage of the Compromise of 1877 What abolished slavery throughout the United States? The adoption f the 13th amendment What is the main idea of the Jim Crow Laws? To segregate blacks and whites What laws were the 14th amendment designed to protect? Civil Rights act of 1866 What amendment protects the suffrage of African American men? 15th amendment What was the main effect of the Emancipation Proclamation? It made the Civil War a war against slavery, and the British did not intervene on the side of the Confederacy.