Download Chapter 14:(Part one) the power and limits f professional knowledge

Learning outcomes Assessment II . Section 203
chapter presentation
Presented by:
Sarah Alyaqoob
Sukainah Akhridah
Aisha Alkhaldi
CHAPTER 14:
THE POWER AND LIMITS
OF PROFESSIONAL
KNOWLEDGE
Outline
 Professional Fallibility and the Glut of
Information.
 The Ideal of Professional Knowledge.
 True and False Loyalty to a
Profession.
Professional Fallibility and the
Glut of Information
 Our enormous amount of
information that we face grows
exponentially.
 Do we acquire all these
information?
 From where does the information
come to us?
Professional Fallibility and the Glut of
Information.
We are now keenly aware that all humans
are fallible, in predictable ways:
 Subject to a tendency to egocentric
thinking
 Subject to a tendency to socio-centric
thinking
 Subject to a tendency to self-deception
 Subject to a lack of intellectual "virtues"
 Subject to a tendency to violate basic
intellectual standards
 Subject to the influence of vested interest
Subject to a tendency to egocentric thinking
Subject to a tendency to socio-centric
thinking
My group
is the best
This is my
group
Subject to a tendency to self-deception
Subject to a lack of intellectual
"virtues"
Subject to a tendency to violate basic
intellectual standards
Subject to the influence of vested interest
The Ideal of Professional Knowledge
 Professional knowledge is being acquired and used
to minimize human suffering, to meet basic human
needs, and to preserve the environment
 Ideally, professionals acquire knowledge to
distribute benefits in the broadest
and most just way.
The Ideal of Professional Knowledge
 Think of the profession in a rational way.
weaknesses
strength
True and False loyalty to a
profession
True
loyalty
Serves the public interest •
False
loyalty
A fear of being disapproved •
or punished by other
members of the profession
The gab between Fact and
Ideal
Human
fallibility
All professional knowledge is acquired, analyzed, •
and put to use in the world by individuals subject
to the pitfalls of human weakness, selfdeception, and a variety of pathological states of
mind
Vested
interest
Human professional knowledge exists in a world •
of power, status, and wealth. The struggle over
all three significantly influences what
information is acquired within any profession,
how it is interpreted, and how it is used.
The ideal compared to the
real
 All professional knowledge use in the world
based on academic disciplines
 All teaching profession occurs within the
culture
The pain and suffering for
those who fail
2. The ideal of science:
Is based on the nation that, instead of thinking
about what the world must be like.
The ideal of social science:
history, sociology, Anthropology,
economics, and psychology
 Human behavior is the result of the meaning-
creating capacity of the human mind and is
much more a product of human thinking than
human instinct.
 Ex
 As humans we are born at a culture at some
point in time in some place, and reared by
parents with particular beliefs.

examples
 Sociologically
 Philosophically
 Ethically
 Biologically
 psychologically
History as an ideal
 If we as humans don’t study mistakes of the
past, we are bound to repeat them.
 History enables us to grasp the nature of our
own past, how we have come to be the way
we are, the problems we have had to
overcomes, the forces that have acted, and
are acting upon us.
Sociology as an ideal
 We humans are social animals. Is it in our
nature to live and function within groups.
 To be free creatures, we need to understand
the social conditions under which we live and
act.
Anthropology as an Ideal
It helps remind us how variable human culture
is and how hard its to judge one culture from
the perspective of another.
Economics as an Ideal
The study of the conditions and systems in
which and through which humans seek to
satisfy their needs and fulfill their desires is
economics.
Psychology as an Ideal
The nature of the human mind is central
determinant in human life.
The social sciences as Taught
and practiced
The social studies should make significant
contribution to a better world.
The Ideal of the Arts and
Humanities
( Music, painting, sculpture,
Architecture, dance, and philosophy)
* The Promise of the Fine Arts and Literature
* The Reality of Instruction in the Fine Arts and
Literature
* The Promise of Philosophy
* The Reality of Philosophy
Conclusion
As critical thinkers, we must be careful not to
assume that the things are actually the way
they are represented in the human life.