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Chemical compounds Formation and nomenclature Ms. MacInnes SCI10 Octet rule All atoms want 8 electrons in their valence shell, giving them the same electronic configuration as a noble gas. This makes it stable, and not reactive. Ions and compounds There are three ways an atom can obtain a “complete” valence shell: An atom can lose electrons and become positive (cation) An atom can gain electrons and become negative (anion) Two or more atoms can share electrons Ions: atom or group of atoms that have an electric charge (+ or -) An ion is formed when an atom, or a group of atoms, lose or gain one or several electrons (e-) There are 2 types of ions: 1. cation: Positively charged ion, obtained when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons. 2. anion: Negatively charged ion, obtained when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons. There are two types of compounds… Ionic Composed of two atoms with opposite charges (cation and anion) Generally, it is a metal (cation) and a non-metal (anion) The atoms form an ionic bond One atom gives electrons and the other atom accepts them. Ex: N A nonmetal from group 15, it gains 3 electrons to form the anion N3- . N3- = N + 3 eEx: O A nonmetal from group 16, it gains 2 e- to become the anion O2- . O2- = O + 2 eEx: Na A metal from group 1, it loses 1 e- to become the cation Na+. Na+ = Na + 1 e- Molecular Composed of two atoms which share electrons Generally, they are made of two or more non-metals The atoms form a covalent bond Activity Open to p. 148-150 in Science Power 10 and complete the activity as written.