Download Human Reproductive System

Sexual Reproduction in Human
testis
sperms
ovary
fertilization
zygote
Blastocyst
embryo
fetus
baby
eggs (ova)
External Male Reproductive Organs
1. Penis
2. Testes
3. Scrotum
The Penis
• Tube-shaped organ that extends from trunk
of the body just above the testes
• Part of the body where semen is released
(ejaculation)
• Semen- thick fluid containing sperm and
other secretions from the male reproductive
system
Male Reproductive System
Scrotum – sac of skin that holds testes. Hangs
below body to keep testes cool. Sperm
cannot be produced if body is too warm.
Testes move into scrotum just before
birth.
Testis/testes –Made up of small, coiled tubes
seminiferous tubules. 300-600 per testis.
Immature sperm made here.
–
Secrete testosterone
Testis and epididymis
epididymis
vas deferens
(sperm duct)
sperm tubules
Internal Male Reproductive Organs
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Epididymis
Vas Deferens
Seminal Vesicles
Prostate Gland
Cowpers Gland
Urethra
Epididymis
• For temporarily storage of sperms
– Where sperm Mature
• During intercourse, muscles of epididymis
contract to release sperms
Internal Organs
Vas deferens – tubes that extend from each
epididymis to the urethra
Cowper’s gland, Prostate Gland, &
Seminal vesicles –secretions from these
glands combine with sperm-containing
fluid to form semen
Male Reproductive System
secrete
seminal
fluid
seminal
vesicle
prostate
gland
Cowper’s
gland
Functions of Seminal Fluid
• To provide a medium for the sperms to
swim
• To activate and nourish the sperms
• To neutralize the acidity in the female
reproductive tract
Male Reproductive System
• Urinary bladder – stores urine
• Rectum- holds waste
• Urethra – passageway for excretion of
urine and sperm to leave body. Vas
deferens empties into urethra
Male Concerns
• Hernia- Part of body pushes through the
muscle wall
• Sterility- Sperm weak, may not be able to
fertilize egg
• Prostate Cancer- Uncontrolled growth of
cells (radiation therapy/removal of prostate)
• Testicular Cancer- Frequent in males 15-35
(self-check)
Hernia
Preventing Problems
• Prevent STI’s
• Prevent trauma (athletic cups)
• Prevent hernias (don’t lift things that are too
heavy)
Male Reproductive System
Urinary Bladder
Seminal
Vesicles
Prostate
Gland
Urethra
Penis
Rectum
Epididymis
Testes
Scrotum
Cowper’s gland
Vas Deferens
Functions of Ovary
• Produce female gametes (ova/eggs)
• For production of female sex hormones
– Estrogen and Progesterone
Ovary
• A female’s ovaries contain 400,000
immature eggs at birth. (all the eggs they
will ever have)
• Once a month during puberty, a mature egg
is released into the fallopian tubes. This
process is called ovulation.
Fallopian Tubes
• Carries the ovum (egg) forward by
– the beating action of the cilia on its inner
surface
– the contraction of muscles of fallopian tube
Female Reproductive System
Fallopian tube – Each ovary is near but not
connected to oviduct. Tube with funnellike opening. Cilia line it to create a
current that draws the egg into the tube.
Egg is fertilized in the fallopian tube
3. Uterus – thick, muscular, pear-shaped
organ. Once egg is fertilized it finishes its
development in uterus attached to uterine
wall
Female Reproductive System
Urinary bladder – storage of urine
Urethra – passage of urine to outside of body
Vagina (birth canal) – leads to outside of
body from the uterus
Cervix – narrow neck of uterus
Rectum – passage for wastes
Ovulation
• The release of an ovum (egg) from an ovary
• Every month, the fallopian tubes take turns
releasing an egg. Right one month, left the
next month
Female Reproductive System
Fallopian
tube
ovary
uterus
cervix
vagina
Menstrual Cycle
• Menstruation occurs once a month, due to
the uterus preparing itself for possible
pregnancy.
• If pregnancy doesn’t occur, the uterine
lining breaks down into blood, tissue, and
fluids and is released through the vagina.
Female Concerns
• Infertility- Inability for female to become
pregnant
– Problems that can cause infertility
• STD’S--PID Infection of the Fallopian Tubes
• Blocked Fallopian Tubes- PID, Abdominal
Surgery, Leading Cause Of Infertility
• Endometriosis- Uterine tissue grows outside the
uterus, often appearing on the ovaries, fallopian
tubes and abdominal cavity
Other Female Reproductive
Disorders
• Vaginitis: Most common Vaginal infection
in women of child bearing age. Caused by
bacteria, accompanied by discharges, pain,
itching…
• Ovarian Cysts: Fluid filled sacs on the
ovaries. Small and non-cancerous, usually
they will disappear on their own. Larger
cysts may require surgery
Concerns
• Problems related to menstruation:
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Menstrual cramps- Cramps in abdominal occur during menstrual period
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Dysmenorrhea- Painful contractions lasting 1-2 days
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Amenorrhea- Lack of menstruation by age of 16 or stopping of cycle for 3
or more months
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(PMS) Premenstrual Syndrome- Symptoms are: nervous tension, anxiety,
irritability, bloating, wt gain, depression, mood swings
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(TSS) Toxic Shock Syndrome- Caused by using tampons during period
~Bacteria produce a toxic poison that affects liver and the immune
system
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Symptoms: vomiting, dizziness, rash, kidney and liver damage, diarrhea
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Pap Smear- Test to detect for abnormal cells in cervix
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Trichomoniasis- A vaginal infection that can lead to urethra and bladder
infections
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Vaginitis- Most common vaginal infection in women of childbearing age
Symptoms: Discharge, odor, itching, pain
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Ovarian Cysts- Fluid-filled sacs on the ovary. Small non-cancerous,
usually disappear on their own. Larger cysts may need surgery
Concerns continued…
• Yeast Infection- Fungus, thick white cheesy discharge, foul odor,
and severe itching
• Sterility- Untreated STD, blockage of tubes, fertilization can not
occur
• Breast Cancer- Change in breast or nipple, lump or swelling in
breast or armpit
Self Exam should be performed once per month
• Mammogram- X-ray of the breast to locate any mass or tumor.
• Cervical Cancer- Causes can include many sexual partners, early
sexual activity, effects women between 20-30
Mammogram
Mammogram of breast
Preventing Problems
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Prevent STD’s
Prevent vaginal irritation
Bathe regularly
Exercise regularly