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Animal Reproduction Ch. 10 Function • new animals are brought into the production cycle for use by humans • involve all systems of the animals body – all must work in harmony Male Pathway for Sperm • • • • • • • Testicle Epididymis Vas deferens Seminal Vessicles Prostate Gland Cowper’s Gland Penis Testicles • Male sex organ – produce hormone • testosterone – produced in the interstitial cells – controls the animals sex drive – plays role in the development of sex characteristics Male Sex Characteristics • Makes a male look like a male – broad, massive head – weight concentrated in the shoulder – masculine appearance Testicles (cont.) • housed in the scrotum – heat regulating structure • viable sperm will not develop at body temp. • Seminiferous tubules – produce sperm – 50 football fields Epididymis • Four Functions – transport – storage – maturation – concentration of sperm • remove water Vas deferens • transports mature sperm from the tail of the epididymis past the secondary sex glands Secondary Sex Glands • Seminal vessicles – holding place of sperm – secrete fluid • Prostate gland – fluid supplies nutrients for sperm – muscular gland that expels semen Secondary Sex Glands • Cowper’s Gland – fluid cleans the urethra – thickens semen Urethra and Penis • Urethra – conduit for urine and semen • Penis – expels semen into female tract – protected by sheath Female Pathway for Ovum • • • • • • • Ovaries Infundibulum Fallopian Tube Uterus Cervix Vagina Vulva Ovaries • located near the kidneys • produces estrogen – female sex hormone • causes onset of puberty – female body changes • prepares rest of reproductive tract for embryo Ovaries • all ova present at birth – mature cow • 75,000 present • only 20-30 used Maturation of Ova • Primary Follicles – potential ova found near the surface of the ovary – Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) • produced in the Pituitary gland • causes follicle to mature – Graafian follicle Maturation of Ova • Luteinizing Hormone (LH) – produced in the Pituitary Gland – causes rupture of Graafian follicle and release of ovum • Corpus Luteum (CL) – scar-like structure produced at rupture site Infundibulum • top of fallopian tube • finger-like projections – brings ova into fallopian tube Fallopian Tube (Oviduct) • site of fertilization – upper third – can occur on either side • moves ovum to uterus Uterus • consists of main body and two horns • fetal development occurs in either horn Uterus • Functions 1 Pathway for sperm • contractile actions move sperm 2 Sustains embryo through secretions 3 Attachment point for growing embryo 4 Expulsion of fetus and membranes • placenta • once expelled = afterbirth Uterus • Supported by broad ligament – supplies blood and nerves to uterus • Caruncles – small projections in mucus layer – rich in blood – serve as attachment points for placenta • cotyledons Cervix • Separates uterine cavity from vaginal cavity • Functions 1 Seals uterus • protect from bacterial and other foreign invasions 2 Passageway for sperm 3 When pregnant, a plug forms protecting the fetus Vagina · Copulatory organ of the female · Site of semen deposition Vulva · External reproductive organ · Used as an aid in heat detection