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CSCI 3133 Programming with C Instructor: Bindra Shrestha University of Houston – Clear Lake Computer Software 1. System Software Operating System 2. Application Software •General-purpose software-word processors, database management systems • Application Specific Software-ledger system used by accountants 2 Computing Environments 1. Personal Computing Environment A Personal Computer 2. Time-Sharing Environment Many users are connected to one or more computers in shared environment. 3. Client/Server Environment Splits the computing function between a central computers and users’ computers 3 Computer Languages Machine Language -1940s • streams of 0s and 1s. Program 1-1 pg.7 •Grace Hopper developed symbolic language in1950s which mirrored the machine language, uses symbols •As assembler translates symbolic language into a machine language, they soon became Assembly Language. Program 1-2 pg 8. 4 Computer Languages High -Level Languages-1960s • must be converted to machine language, the process is known as compilation •FORTRAN,COBAL,C 5 Building a C Program 6 Building a C Program 1. Writing and Editing Programs 2. Compiling the Program 3. Linking the program with library modules 7 Program Development 1. Understand the problem 2. Develop a solution 3. Write the program 4. Test the program 8 Tools to develop the solution 1. Structure Chart -shows how a problem can be broken into logical steps. figure 1-12, pg 15 2. Pseudocode -steps to accomplish the task in English-like statements 3. Flowchart-steps to accomplish the task in graphical symbols 9 Flowchart Symbols Oval : Denotes begin or End Flow line(arrow): direction of logical flow Parallelogram: denotes input/output operation Rectangle: denotes a process Diamond: denotes a decision point (if/then/else) 10 Example Calculate the Area of a Rectangle 1. Prompt the user for length and width 2. Store length and width 3. Set Area=length*width 4. Return Area 11 Example of Flowchart Begin . Prompt user length and width Read length,width Area = length*width X 12 Flowchart contd. . X Display area to user End 13