Download CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING ORGANISMS

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Characteristics of Living
Things
+ Biotic Factors--- living components of
an environment (Examples: plants and
animals etc.)
Abiotic
Factors— nonliving
components in an environment
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temperature
precipitation
humidity
wind
nutrient availability
soil type
sunlight
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
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1. Made up of
Cells
Basic building blocks of all life

2 TYPES OF CELLS
A. PROKARYOTIC CELLS
B. EUKARYOTIC CELLS
+ Which one is prokaryotic vs
eukaryotic and why?
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A.
Prokaryotic Cells

“Pro” means first

Have DNA: no nucleus to hold it in

Very small and simple
EXAMPLES

unicellular bacteria
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A Bacteria
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B.
Eukaryotic Cells

“Eu” means true

Have a nucleus

More complex and larger in size

EXAMPLES . protists (unicellular) fungi,
plants, and animals (multicellular)
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Animal Cell
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List all differences between
prokaryotic and eukaryotic
and give an example of each
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2. All Living Things Reproduce
Two
Types of Reproduction
A. Asexual Reproduction
B. Sexual Reproduction
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A. Asexual Reproduction
 No
exchange of DNA
 Only
requires one parent
 Cell
splits in half to form two
identical offspring
 No
genetic variation
 Also
called cloning, mitosis
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Asexual vs. Sexual Reproduction
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B. Sexual Reproduction

Combination of both parents’ DNA
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Requires a male and a female
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Much more genetic variation

Meiosis
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3. All Living Things have DNA

All DNA is made of nucleotides

Sugar – deoxyribose
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It is a double stranded helix
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DNA Molecule
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4. Living Things Grow and
Develop
 Growth:
“gets bigger” by mitosis
 Development:
Characteristics that develop
during your lifetime
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5. Living Things Obtain and
Use Materials and Energy
All must make or eat some type of “food” to
make energy in the form of ATP to
function
Example
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
ENERGY=ATP
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metabolism
all
of the processes that
keep you alive
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6. Living Things Respond to Their
Environment
 Detect and respond to changes in
their environment
 The
change is called the stimulus
 Senses
are used to detect change
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Examples

Stimulus
Response

Cool breeze
goosebumps
shivering
•
Hunger
stomach growls
•
Light (Plant)
phototropism
grows towards it
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7. Living Things Maintain a Stable
Internal Environment
 Homeostasis: keeping
the internal
environment stable (temp., blood
pressure, ph of blood, etc.)
 “homo” =
same / “stasis” = state
 Metabolism
maintains homeostasis
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8. Living things change over time.

evolution
 Adapt
to their environment if they
already have the necessary traits
 Proof:
DNA, fossil record
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9. All Living Things Have a Life
Span
 Born
--- Live --- Die
BELL
RINGER
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WHAT
IS THE DIFFERENCE
BETWEEN A PROKARYOTE
AND EUKARYOTE?
GIVE
AN EXAMPLE OF EACH
DEFINE
WHAT
ABIOTIC AND BIOTIC
IS THE SMALLEST UNIT
OF AN ORGANISM THAT IS
ALIVE?
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HIERARCHY OF LIVING
THINGS
LEVELS AT WHICH LIVING
ORGANISMS CAN BE STUDIED
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WHAT IS A HIERARCHY???
A
Hierarchy is a system or
organization in which people or
groups are ranked one above
the other according to status or
authority.
Can
you create a Hierarchy?
Examples
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Example
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Example
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Some of the levels at which life can be
studied

1. Elementary particles (smallest)
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2. Atoms/Elements
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3. Molecules/Compounds
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4. Organelles
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5. Cells
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6. Tissue
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7. Organs
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8. Organ system
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9. Organisms
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10. Populations
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11. Communities
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12. Ecosystems
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13. Biome
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14. Biosphere (Largest)
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ELEMENTARY PARTICLES – protons,
neutrons and electrons which make up
atoms. (SMALLEST)
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ELEMENTARY PARTICLES
 Protons:
positive charge (+)
 Neutrons:
neutral charge (no charge) (o)
 Electrons:
negative charge (-)
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ATOMS/ELEMENTS– on the
periodic table, can’t be broken
down into anything else.
Carbon, oxygen, gold, helium,
silver
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MOST IMPORTANT ELEMENTS
“CHOPSN”

Most important atoms or elements for all living
organisms:

Carbon: C
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Hydrogen: H
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Oxygen: O
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Phosphorous: P
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Sulfur: S
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Nitrogen: N
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3. COMPOUND- 2 or more different elements
Examples: H2O, NaCl, C6H12O6
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3. COMPOUNDS
 Made
up of atoms that are bonded
together
 Salt:
sodium chloride: NaCl
 Water
is necessary for human life to exist
Water
DNA
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4. ORGANELLES– “mini” organs that carry
out all life functions for a cell. Ex: nucleus,
ribosomes, cell membrane
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5. CELL- Basic unit of all life.
+ Unicellular – one cell (bacteria)
or Protists.
Multicellular
– Many cells
(humans, animals, plants)
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6. TISSUE - groups of cells that perform
a specific function. Ex. muscle,
nervous, dermal
+ 7. ORGAN
- made of several tissues, carry out a specific
function. Ex. stomach, kidney, lungs.
8. ORGAN SYSTEM- made of several organs which work
together to perform a specific task. Ex. digestive system.
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9. ORGANISM- living thing, bacteria,
plant, animal
+ 10. POPULATION-
2 or more of the same
organism/species. Ex. all humans, dandelions, calico cats.
Blue Bee Plants
+ 11. COMMUNITY-all living things in a certain area. Ex.
A forest { insects, trees, grass, squirrels, birds, weeds,
chipmunks
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12. ECOSYSTEM-Living and non living
parts of an area.
Living – plants, grass, animals, insects, fungi
Non Living- sun, water, oxygen, soil, CO2
+ BIOME-area having similar climate (rain)
and land forms throughout its many
ecosystems. Ex. Desert NOT DESSERT!!!
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14. BIOSPHERE – THE
EARTH (Largest)