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Viruses Viruses: -NONLIVING (not made of cells) -Smaller than Prokaryotes (bacteria) -Able to reproduce rapidly (only in host cell) Viruses consist of: -Capsid-Protein Coat (helps virus enter cells) -RNA or DNA What do Viruses look like? Tailed phages Viruses may attack: -Eukaryotes (plant or animal) -Prokaryotes called Bacteriophages Uses the host’s organelles to replicate (copy) Illnesses caused by viruses Common cold Flu AIDS Bird flu Polio HIV Smallopx virus Aeromonas virus 31 Herpes simplex virus Electron micrographs of viruses. Influenza virus Orf virus Viruses: Bind to specific host cell before it can enter it (lock and key) Can plant viruses infect animals? How Viruses Replicate1) Lytic Cycle- destroys host cell quickly OR 2) Lysogenic Cycle- its DNA becomes part of host cell and tells it to replicate (like a Zombie Cell) Common Viruses Influenza (flu) Spread by: 1) Direct Transmission (sneeze/cough directly into eyes, nose mouth) Common Viruses Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) HIV Specific to “Helper” T Cell (T-Cells help the immune system respond to different pathogens like bacteria/viruses) Kills “Helper” T Cells -eventually destroying Immune System HIV Transmitted 4 ways: -Sexually -Contaminated Needles -Infected blood -Breast milk -At birth (mother to baby) HIV After years of battling HIV, body becomes unable to fight off infections and person will have developed Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) HIV & AIDS Not virus or disease that eventually kills the person– inability to fight off anything, including the common cold