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Atomic History and Atomic Structure 8TH GRADE SCIENCE Do Now Monday th October 17 Classify each element as a metal, nonmetal, or metalloid. a) Arsenic (As) b) Xenon (Xe) c) Aluminum (Al) d) An element that is malleable, ductile, and a good conductor of heat and electricity e) An element that is a a dull solid that is brittle f) An element that is shiny and is a semi-conductor. TODAY’S PLAN • Identify 6 scientists who contributed to our knowledge of the structure of the atom. • Explain the structure of the atom. • Differentiate between the subatomic particles of an atom: protons, neutrons, and electrons; TODAY’S DO • Complete a WebQuest about Atomic History and Atomic Scientists (Independently and Quietly) Do Now Tuesday th October 18 1.What are the properties of metals? 2.What are the properties of metalloids? 3.What are the properties of nonmetals? TODAY’S PLAN • • • • • Identify 6 scientists who contributed to our knowledge of the structure of the atom. Explain the structure of the atom. Differentiate between the subatomic particles of an atom: protons, neutrons, and electrons. Discuss what the atomic number represents concerning the atoms of an element. Discuss what the mass number represents concerning the atoms of an element. TODAY’S DO • • • Quiz Briefly review scientists and atomic structure Calculate the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in atoms of an element. Atomic Theory Changes over time… Atomic Theory Because we can not see atoms, we use models to teach and learn about atoms. The atomic theory has changed over time as new technologies have become available. ◦ Remember: Scientific knowledge builds on past research and experimentation. On Page 40 Make a list of these names. Skip a line or two between each one so you can write a brief statement about each. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Democritus Dalton JJ Thomson Rutherford Bohr Schrodinger AtomicTheory TheoryTimeline Timeline Atomic Scientist Information Democritus (400 BC) • Named atoms “atomos” • Said everything is composed of atoms. • Atoms are indestructible. • Between atoms lies empty space. • There is an infinite number and kinds of atoms. Model Atomic Theory Timeline Scientist John Dalton (2000 years after Democritus) Information • All matter is made of atoms. • Atoms are too small to see, indivisible and indestructible. • All atoms of a given element are identical. Model Atomic Timeline Atomic Theory Theory Timeline Scientist J.J. Thomson Information • Discovered the negative electron, using the cathode ray tube • Plum Pudding model Model Atomic Timeline Atomic Theory Theory Timeline Scientist Ernest Rutherford Information • Atoms are mostly empty space • Discovered tiny, positively charged NUCLEUS using the gold-foil experiment • Name positive charged particle “proton” Model Atomic Theory Timeline Scientist Information Neils Bohr Concluded that electrons are located in neat planet-like orbits around the nucleus in certain energy levels Model Scientist Schrodinger (and many others): Modern Atomic Theory Information • Electrons do not orbit the nucleus in neat planet-like orbits but move at high speeds in an electron cloud around the nucleus. • We can not know the exact location of an electron. Model Atomic Structure Copy this table into your journal. Subatomic Particle Mass (amu) Charge Location Proton (p+) 1 +1 nucleus Neutron (no) 1 0 nucleus Electron (e-) 0 -1 Rings (energy levels) outside nucleus Atomic Structure Atomic Number and Mass Number Atomic Number ◦ Identifies the element ◦ Is the number of protons ◦ In a neutral atom, is also the number of electrons Mass number when rounded Mass Number ◦ Decimal number rounded to nearest whole number ◦ Includes both protons and neutrons ◦ Mass number = p+ + no ◦ So, no = mass number – p+ Calculating protons, neutrons, electrons p+ = atomic # = 1 e- = p+ = 1 no = mass # - atomic # = 1-1 = 0 Calculating protons, neutrons, electrons p+ = atomic # = 2 e- = p+ = 2 no = mass # - atomic # = 4-2 = 2 Calculating protons, neutrons, electrons p+ = atomic # = 3 e- = p+ = 3 no = mass # - atomic # = 7-3 = 4 Do Now Wednesday th October 18 Answer the questions on the sheet given to you. Blood Types of 100 Donors TODAY’S PLAN • Determine the electronic structure for elements 1-20 on the Periodic Table. • TODAY’S DO • • • Check Homework Review calculating the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Draw the electronic structure of elements. Element Hydrogen Helium Lithium Beryllium Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Sodium Symbol p+ e- n0 1st energy level 2nd energy level 3rd energy level 4th energy level Element Magnesium Aluminum Silicon Phosphorus Chlorine Argon Potassium Calcium Symbol p+ e- n0 1st energy level 2nd energy level 3rd energy level 4th energy level Electronic Structure E1 = 2 electrons E2 = 8 electrons E3 = 8 electrons E4 = 8 electrons Electronic Structure Example Electronic Structure Example Electronic Structure example Do Now Friday th October 20 TURN IN YOUR HOMEWORK SHEET FROM WEDNESDAY IN THE BLACK BASKET. Pick up from the front table and answer the questions on the sheet given to you. Once you have finished, raise your hand so I can check your work. Only when you have shown me that you know how to do the work will you be allowed to construct your model of an atom. TODAY’S PLAN • • • • Explain the structure of the atom. Discuss what the atomic number represents concerning the atoms of an element. Discuss what the mass number represents concerning the atoms of an element. Determine the electronic structure for elements 1-20 on the Periodic Table. TODAY’S DO • Create Bohr Model of an atom of an assigned element Do Now Tuesday th October 25 Draw and complete the table. Atomic Symbol Atomic Number Protons Neutrons Electrons Al 6 Draw the electronic structure for Al. Mass Number TODAY’S PLAN • • • Create a Bohr Model of an atom. Discuss what the atomic number represents concerning the atoms of an element. Discuss what the mass number represents concerning the atoms of an element. TODAY’S DO • • • • Create/Finish your Bohr Model of an atom of an assigned element When finished with your atom model, pick up a puzzle sheet from the table in the front of the room and practice calculating protons, neutrons, and electrons for elements. Color your sheet (with pencil) as directed to solve the puzzle. Calculating p+, n0, e- QUIZ TOMORROW, Wednesday, October 26th!! Bohr Atomic model Beads: electrons, protons, and neutrons (3 different colors) Pipe cleaners: energy levels 1. Make a nucleus by stringing the correct number and color of beads onto 1 pipe cleaner. The smash it into a little ball. 2. Make the appropriate number of energy levels by using 1 (for smaller energy levels) or 2 (larger energy levels) pipe cleaners with the correct color and number of beads for each energy level. 3. Connect the nucleus and each energy level by attaching strings between each so that all can spin freely. (Nucleus and energy levels should not touch.) 4. Attach the card for your element to the bottom of your model and hang from a cabinet or the line in the back of the room.