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Infectious Diseases Infectious Disease • Aka Communicable Diseases • Caused by microorganisms • Parasite – lives in/on and feeds on host Pathogens • Pathogens – Micro-organisms – Enter the body – Multiply – Cause disease • Bacteria • Virus • Fungi Bacteria • Single-cell microorganisms • Release toxins • Examples – Food poisoning –bacteria in food – Tetanus – bacteria on objects/soil Staph Virus • • • • Smallest parasite Enter cells and take over Multiply Cause colds/ flu HIV Fungi • Not all are harmful – Mushroom/ yeast/ mold/ fungi • Some cause rashes – Ringworm & athlete’s foot Spreading Infectious Disease • • • • Physical contact w/ infected person Contact w/ contaminated object Environmental sources Contact w/ contaminated animals Contaminated Animals • Animal bites • *Eating bad food* • Rabies/ Malaria/ Bird flu • HIV/ AIDS Contaminated Object • Most infections die quickly when exposed to air • Some can live on objects • Lice Contact w/ Contaminated Person • Skin to skin contact • Sneeze/ cough • Cold/ STI/ flu/ chicken pox Environmental Sources • Food/ water/ soil • Lead poisoning/ food poisoning • Fungi/ mold/ pathogens in water • Old food left out • Contaminated animals Stages of Disease 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Exposure Incubation Period Prodromal Period Acute Stage Recovery Stage Convalescence Immunity Exposure & Incubation • Exposure = contact •Incubation = growth/ maturation •No signs/ symptoms •Pathogen/ parasite grows and multiplies Prodromal Stage • Slight signs & symptoms • Ex: achy/ sore/ tired • Contagious! Acute Stage • Severe symptoms • Most contagious • Most affected Recovery Stage • Signs/ symptoms begin to decrease • Temperature is reduced • Feeling better Covalescence • • • • Infection is gone Still not quite 100% Can relapse Need rest, sleep, healthy diet, antibiotics Immunity • Feel 100% • Body has antibodies • Cannot catch same infection Questions?