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Plant reproduction Do you remember the 7 characteristics of living things? 1. Movement 2. Respiration 3. Sensitivity 4. Growth 5. Reproduction 6. Excretion 7. Nutrition Reproduction is the way new individuals are made. 1. Sexual reproduction Plants can reproduce in two ways 2. Asexual reproduction What is the difference? Sexual Reproduction Asexual Reproduction • two parents • just one parent. involved. • 2 different sex cells join together to form a zygote. • the new plant is NOT identical to its parents. • It does not involve sex cells • the new plant IS identical to its parent. The following slides show asexual reproduction… Day 1 Day 6 Day 13 Day 20 Day 29 Day 42 Day 50 Day 50 Some of the new growths are beginning to turn green – these will become the shoots of the new plant Some of the new growths are beginning to turn downwards – these will become the roots of the new plant Describe what has happened to this potato over the 50 days Other plants that reproduce asexually…. Asexual Reproduction •The “runner” grows from the base of the plant •when it is at enough distance it will grow new roots and a new shoot to become a new plant. The strawberry plant reproduces in this way. runner Spider plant http://www.amherstgreenhouses.com/photo/tropical/spiderPlant.jpg 1. Parent plant 2. Cells divide to grow a new stem 3. New plant grows at end of new stem Strawberry http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/img/bistrawberries.gif 3. New plant grows at end of stem 1. Parent plant 2. Cells divide to grow new stem Sexual reproduction Plants that reproduce sexually use flowers. Each flower has both male and female organs. Petals- Stigma Style Stamen (male) Anther Filament Carpel (female) Ovary Sepals OB52 …locate the sepal… sepal answer OB52 OB53 OB54 OB55 OB56 OB57 OB58 OB52 …locate the sepal… sepal answer OB52 OB53 OB54 OB55 OB56 OB57 OB58 OB52 …locate the petal... petal answer OB52 OB53 OB54 OB55 OB56 OB57 OB58 OB52 …locate the petal… petal answer OB52 OB53 OB54 OB55 OB56 OB57 OB58 OB52 …locate the carpel… carpel answer OB52 OB53 OB54 OB55 OB56 OB57 OB58 OB52 …locate the carpel… answer carpel OB52 OB53 OB54 OB55 OB56 OB57 OB58 OB52 …locate the stamen… stamen answer OB52 OB53 OB54 OB55 OB56 OB57 OB58 OB52 …locate the stamen… stamen answer OB52 OB53 OB54 OB55 OB56 OB57 OB58 Functions of the stamen – Male reproductive part made up of two parts… •anther: pollen(male sex cell) is produced here •filament: this stalk supports the anther Making the sex cells… Functions of the Female parts …carpel - female reproductive organ… …made up of three parts… •stigma: pollen lands here • style: this stalk connects the stigma to the ovary… •ovary: the egg (female sex cell )is produced here… During pollination the pollen travels from the anther of one plant to the stigma of another plant Pollen is carried by animals – insects , bats, birds, dogs etc… Pollen is also carried by the wind Fertilisation is when the male gamete joins with the female gamete, to form the first cell of the new plant (the zygote) Making a seed After fertilisation the first cell divides many times to make the seed. ‘Bye Seed dispersal Dispersal when the seed is brought away from the parent plant. • Seeds are dispersed to ensure a better chance of survival - It avoids overcrowding ! Wind dispersal • Some plants disperse their seeds using the wind. • An example is the sycamore tree: Water dispersal • Some plants disperse their seeds using the wind. • An example is the coconut plant Animal dispersal • Some plants disperse their seeds using animals • An example is the burdock plant Self dispersal • Some plants disperse their seeds themselves • An example is the pea plant. The pea fruit bursts open and throws out its own seeds How is this seed dispersed? How is this seed dispersed? How is this seed dispersed? How is this seed dispersed? How is this seed dispersed? How is this seed dispersed? What a seed is made of Food store Seed Structure 1. testa 2. food supply 3. embryo = radicle and plumule this broad bean seed has been soaked and taken apart …have a closer look at the embryo …embryo = radicle and plumule… • the radicle will grow to be the root • The plumule will grow to be the shoot Germination Germination is the growth of the seed into a new plant Germination when the conditions are right, the embryo uses up the stored food and grows into the root and shoot of the new plant …three conditions that must be right for a seed to germinate… Oxygen Water Correct temperature Showing that water, oxygen and the correct temperature are needed for germination review the plant life cycle After fertilization flower withers pollen is transferred 2 3 1 seeds disperse and germinate into new plant 4 seeds develop in ovary