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(Very) Brief History of the United States 400+ years..... ….... in 40 minutes Pre-Colonial North America (before 1492) Very advanced civilizations, over 200 tribes Believed to have crossed from a land bridge from Asia Many tribes eradicated from sicknesses which spread in advance of Europeans Differences in language, culture, government, way of life, gender roles Differed from Europeans in weaponry and concept of land ownership Algonquians were the first tribes to interact extensively with the Europeans Iroquois had formed a federation, with a federal system of government pre-dating the US Constitution Colonial Era (1400s-1763) This is where Americans get their “Thanksgiving” tradition from Mainly Europeans of Northern European descent Many fleeing religious persecution (Puritans and Quakers) “Indentured Servants”--usually 5 years, a way for the rich to get richer (for every indentured servant who came over, they got more land) Slave trade began in the mid 1600's Economic division between the North and the South began with anti-slavery sentiment already beginning. Diagram of a Slave Ship John Newton was a slaver who was converted to Christianity and wrote a song “Amazing Grace” a well-known religious song in the United State Celtic Woman sings it: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HsCp5LG_zNE War for Independence/ Revolutionary War (1774ish-1763) Many rebellions previous to the Revolution, use of guns to rebel “No taxation without representation” Boston Tea party (1773 Tea Act) How are American rebellions different from other colonized countries? French and Indian war (between England and France, waged in the US Enlightenment thought from Europe Declaration of Independence-July 4 1776 Westward Expansion Louisiana Purchase 1803 Lewis and Clark (1803-1806) **Sacagawea** War of 1812 (This is when the Star Spangled Banner was written) Manifest Destiny (8145) “Trail of tears” Choctaw 1831; Creek 1836 3,500 of 15,000 died; Cherokees 1838 4,000 or 15,000 died—evicted by the Army The Louisiana Purchase “American Progress” by John Gast 1972 Rise of Industrialization In the beginning of the 19th century, 90% rural Transportation: turnpikes, canals, railroads (1830) Communication: telegraph, expansion of newspapers Innovation and inventions Manufacturing production as early as 1800 → Factory system (labor protests and unionizing) Growth of cities, particularly in the North Immigration The Expansion of Slavery Mason Dixon line Reflected the needs of Southern plantation society versus Northern industrialized society Planters, overseers, drivers, domestic slaves “Slave Codes”: Slaves as prizes, not allowed as witnesses, reading forbidden, marriages not recognized Emancipation or buying freedom was the only way to become free Free blacks were highly skilled artisans, business people, educators, writers, etc. e.g., Thomas L. Jennings (dry cleaning), Henry Blair Glenn (seed planter), Frederick Douglas and Harriet Tubman Mexican-American War (1846-1847) Texas joined the Union The American President Polk wanted the ports of California Declared war on Mexico Ended with the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo U.S. Civil War (1861-1865) Abraham Lincoln elected, South Carolina seceded Established the Confederate States of America Emancipation Proclamation 1863 freed all slaves The South had better military leaders. The North had better..... numbers. It had more people. Gettysburg, largest battle fought in North America. 170,000 fought, 40,000 died. William T Sherman's “March to the Sea” Reconstruction “Black Codes”--legal code denying African Americans rights (Jim Crow laws) sharecropping 13th Amendment abolishing slavery 1865 Freedman's Bureau African Americans still not allowed to vote until the 15th Amendment (forbids states to deprive a citizen of voting) 1870 KKK Reconstruction fails to establish a less racially divided society Expanding Influence Internationally Transcontinental Railroad connected East and West coasts Monroe Doctrine 1823 further efforts by European nations to colonize land or interfere with states in North or South America would be viewed as acts of aggression Hawai'i annexed in 1893 (not a state until 1959) Involvement in Cuba leads to the Spanish-American War (April-August 1898) Philippine-American war 1899-1902 Panama Canal (begun 1904-1915) Most productive economy Banana Republics “Walk softly and carry a big stick” World War I (1917-1918) Neutrality and Isolationism Lusitania-sunk on 7 May 1915 by German submarine Zimmerman note (1917): Germany promised Mexico help to recover its territory if Mexico aided Germany Conscription enforced by the Selective Service Act of 1917 WW I was a whole-society effort: rationing, “meatless Mondays,” “Victory gardens”, Daylight Savings time, first income tax. Over 14 million soldiers perished in total. 112,000 Americans died and many more were wounded.