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Age of Exploration Age of Exploration
1400s to 1700s Motives Search for new trade routes wanted to find a quicker way to Asia Desire for new products Crusades and travels of Marco Polo stimulated an interest in Asian goods Technology improved that allowed overseas exploration; gunpowder allowed Europeans to dominate Religion Christian rulers wanted to spread Religion Christian rulers wanted to spread
religion Effects Native American civilizations destroyed European diseases killed millions of Native Americans European powers built extensive overseas empires Large numbers of Europeans moved to Americas Native American crops (corn, potato, tomato) brought to Europe [Colombian Exchange] Demand for African slaves increased Capitalism expanded with growth of trade Cultural exchanges occurred [cultural diffusion]
Christopher Columbus Accidentally found America while looking America while looking
for a westward route to Asia His voyages considered a turning point in history Vasco da Gama Vasco da Gama
Discovered an all­ water route from Europe to India Ferdinand Magellan First person credited with circumnavigating with circumnavigating
the world Hernando Cortes Conquered the Aztec Conquered the Aztec
Empire in Mexico in 1519 Francisco Pizarro Francisco Pizarro
Conquered the Inca Empire in Peru in 1833 Marco Polo Traveled to China [court of Kublai Khan] [court of Kublai Khan]
and brought back stories and goods to Europe Trans­Atlantic Slave Trade Atlantic Slave Trade
1500s to 1800s Causes Europeans wanted cheap labor for work in the Americas Due to the demands of the agricultural economies of the New World The native peoples of America did not survive The native peoples of America did not survive
the labor Effects Encouraged African warfare tribes went to war with other tribes to obtain slaves to trade for guns Disrupted African culture it created a legacy of violence, bitterness and social upheaval Increased cultural diffusion Slaves brought their songs and culture to New World Prejudice against Africans Prejudice against Africans
Imperialism Domination by one country over the political, economic, or cultural life of another country or region another country or region
Causes Economic Social Need for raw materials created by Industrial Revolution Desire for place to invest excess capital Drive to spread Christianity Political Desire for great power status [White Man’s Competitive Burden] drive to gain Rule by control of an strongest and area (for fittest need to fittest­
military) spread superior before a rival culture [Social could do so
Darwinism] Some Examples Spanish control of Latin America [old imperialism] British control of India Berlin Conference to divide Africa Japanese control of Manchuria Japanese control of Manchuria
Positive Effects Built roads, railroads, and bridges Education improved Improved medical care Food supply increased Brought stability and unification to some areas Created industries, improved standard of Created industries, improved standard of
living Negative Effects People with common backgrounds separated Natural resources exploited Native cultures damaged Promoted racism Economic self­sufficiency lost sufficiency lost Destroyed traditional patterns of trade Cash crop overemphasized Family life disrupted Introduced Western vices and diseases Introduced Western vices and diseases