Download World War I Chain of Events - New Paltz Central School District

World War I Chain of Events
Balkan Crisis of 1908 - 09
• A-H annexes BosniaHerzegovina
• Serbia wanted B&H to become
part of a Southern Slavic Nation
or “Yugoslavia”
• Serbia & Russia begin to amass
for war against A-H
• Kaiser Wilhelm II steps in –
threatens Serbia & Russia that
Germany will support A-H
• Russia backs down –
humiliated – weak from RussoJapanese war 1904-05
The Balkan Powderkeg
• Franz Ferdinand to assure Slavs of AusHung Empire they will have a future voice
in government.
– Visits Sarajevo in Bosnia Herzegovina.
• Black Hand fears this will diffuse Slavic
Pan-Nationalist movement
– Gavrilo Princip assassinates Francis Ferniand
& wife Sophie in Sarajevo
The Blank Check
• A-H gives ultimatum to Serbia that Serbia
must allow A-H to investigate the
assassination in Serbia
• Serbia Refuses
• Germany issues A-H a “Blank Check”
http://net.lib.byu.edu/~rdh7/wwi/1914/blankc
he.html
The War Begins
• A-H declares war on Serbia 7/28/1914
• Both countries mobilize (troops to borders)
• Russia – historically tied to the Slavs –
mobilizes for War against A-H & Germany
7/30/1914
Germany’s Actions
• Germany ultimatums
– to Russia – “stop mobilization! Or war!”
– to France “stay neutral! Stay out! Or war!”
• August 1st 1914 – Germany Declares War on
Russia
• August 3rd 1914 – Germany declares on France
• August 4th –Germany declares war on Belgium
putting the Schlieffen Plan in motion
– 1815 neutrality treaty a “scrap of paper”
• Britain declares war on Germany in response
• August 6th A-H declares war on Russia
The Schlieffen Plan
http://www.wadsworth.com/history_d/templat
es/student_resources/0534600069_spielv
ogel/InteractiveMaps/spot_maps/map25_1
.html
• Fails – Russia Mobilizes more quickly than
expected – East to Prussia
• Marne – Sept 5th – 12th destroys plan of
French conquest – German’s retreat
• Germany is engaged in a 2 front war
• Entrenchment / Stalemate
III. The Great, Quick, and
Righteous War
A. The war began with everyone optimistic that the
war would last only weeks
B. Each side was convinced of the rightness of
their cause and charged with national passion
C. Many of the young felt that the war was a break
from a modern age preoccupied with money,
work, and material goods
Primary Source: Trench Warfare
Primary Source: Trench Warfare
Primary Source: Trench Foot
Primary Source: Views of the
War
The beginning…
The reality of war…
 “The entire campaign a
resounding march of
victory- “We’ll be home at
Christmas,” the recruits
shouted laughingly to their
mothers in August of 1914
. . .”
- Stefan Zweig, The World
of Yesterday
 “The wall of the trench is
plastered with smoking
splinters, lumps of flesh,
and bits of uniform. . . The
first recruit seems actually
to have gone insane. ”
- Erich Remarque, All
Quiet on the Western
Front
Western Stalemate
• Men who rushed out of the trenches were
quickly cut down by machine gun power or
heavy artillery
– Tanks devised at the time to be heavy
armored vehicles to run over trenches and
avoid gun fire
• Germans began to use poison gas in 1915
• Generals ordered attacks hoping to wear
the opposite side out – not successful
Primary Source: WWI Weapons
Machine Gun
Tank
The Enemies
Allies
• Britain (1914)
• France (1914)
• Russia (1914)
• Serbia (1914)
• Italy (1915)
• USA (1917)
http://en.wikipedia.org/w
iki/Allies_of_World_W
ar_I#Allied_states
Central Powers
• Germany (1914)
• Austria-Hungary
(1914)
• Ottoman Empire
(1915)
• Bulgaria
Plus some nationalistic
uprisings
World conflict
Major Battles 1915 - 1916
Gallipoli - 1915
• Britain & France attack Turks near
Constantinople to reach Russian forces
• Fails 145,000 k/w
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nPrJSR
Mr2Uc
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=44kBN3
40vd4
Verdun 1916
• 6 month battle
• Germans try to
penetrate further
into France
• “they shall not
pass”
• 330,000 – 350,000
dead on both sides
• Germans retreat
Verdun
The Somme (1916)
• Allies try to break through German lines
• 60,000 Brit.s killed 1st day
• Approx. 1,100,000 dead in 3 mos.
Other Events
Lusitania sunk 1915
• Germans published warnings in papers
– NOTICE!
– TRAVELLERS intending to embark on
the Atlantic voyage are reminded that a
state of war exists between Germany
and her allies and Great Britain and her
allies; that the zone of war includes the
waters adjacent to the British Isles; that,
in accordance with formal notice given
by the Imperial German Government,
vessels flying the flag of Great Britain,
or any of her allies, are liable to
destruction in those waters and that
travelers sailing in the war zone on the
ships of Great Britain or her allies do so
at their own risk.
– German Embassey
Treaty of London 1915
• Italy Joins Allies
• Attacks A-H
• Allies begin plan to partition the Ottoman
Empire
Japan 1915
• Makes Twenty One Demands on China –
this forces China to become a Japanese
protectorate
Easter Week Rebellion 1916
• Germans bring exile Sir Robert Casement
secretly to Ireland to encourage revolt against
English
• Germans also encourage Polish & Ukrainian
independence to create problems for Russia
Arabia 1915 - 1916
• Colonel T.E.Lawrence (of Arabia)
• Leads successful revolt of Arabs in the
Hejaz region against Turks (Red Sea to
Persian Gulf)
Balfour Declaration 1917
• British send Zionists word they will support
idea of a “Jewish Homeland” in Palestine if
Turks are defeated
• http://www.wsu.edu/~wldciv/world_civ_rea
der/world_civ_reader_2/balfour.html
• *** Secretly promise Palestinian Arabs
same if they rebel against Turks
In the USA
• President Wilson advocates “Peace
without Victory”
• Warns Germany after Lusitania –
Germany ceases sub attacks
V. The True World War
B. Africa
1. Allied and Central Powers fought in Africa,
taking colonies from each other
2. Lawrence of Arabia fought against Ottoman in
Middle East in 1917; destroyed the Ottomans
by 1918
3. African troops used on the fields of North Africa
and Western Europe; also laborers
Primary Source: African Troops
V. The True World War
A. East Asia
1. Japan joined the Allies in 1914 because they
wanted German territory in Asia
B. The U.S.
1. U.S. attempted neutrality
2. 1915- Naval war between Britain and Germany led
to Germany sinking the passenger ship Lusitania,
on which Americans were boarded – agitated U.S.
and Germany stopped submarine warfare
V. The True World War
3. 1917- Final straw, Germany reassumes submarine
warfare
i. Zimmerman Telegram- Germany promises
Mexico previous territory now owned by U.S. to
keep U.S. occupied
4. Entrance of the U.S. in 1918 gave a morale boost
to the demoralized Allied troops fighting in Europe
The Zimmerman Note
• Telegraph decoded by British Intelligence
dated 1/19/1917
• http://net.lib.byu.edu/~rdh7/wwi/1917/zimm
erman.html
April 2nd 1917 US Declares War on
Germany
Tips Balance of Power in favor of Allies
1918
• German Spring Offensive
• Allied Hundred Days Offensive – August
• Armistice
– Bulgaria – surrenders Sept 29th
– Ottomans – Oct 30th
– A-H – Nov. 3rd Armistice
– Germany November 11th
Technologies
•
•
•
•
•
Machine guns
Gas attacks
Airplanes – dogfights
U-Boats
Tanks
Wilson’s 14 Points
• Copy of the document in your packet
• Compare with the Treaty of Versailles