Download World War I: Summary Causes of World War I: Nationalism Alliances

World War I: Summary
Causes of World War I:
Nationalism
Alliances
Militarism
Expansion (Imperialism)
Powder Keg: June 28th, 1914
Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and
wife Sophie of Austria by the Black Hand- a
Serbian Nationalist group
The Triple Entente (Allies):
Great Britain, France, Russia, Italy, United
States
The Triple Alliance (Central Powers):
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman
Empire
 Italy was originally part of the Triple
Alliance, then joined the Allies when
promised land
The Schlieffen Plan:
German plan for a two-front war. Quick attack
on France, then Russia. Speed was essential.
Invaded through Belgium.
First Battle of the Marne-Sept. 1914
Allies defeated the Germans, left Schlieffen Plan
ineffective. Western Front to stalemate.
Trench Warfare:
1915, parallel lines along Western Frontseparated by “no man’s land”
Battle of Verdun and Battle of
Somme-1916
Horrible loss of life
Verdun- French and Germans each lost over
300,000 men
Somme- over half a million casualties
Russia and the Eastern Front:
Russians were able to tie up German forces.
Russia wasn’t industrialized, difficult to get
supplies.
Balkan Front: 1915
Allies wanted Istanbul (Constantinople)Gallipoli Plan failed
T.E. Lawrence (Lawrence of Arabia)
British- helped Arab nationalists rise up against
the Turks
United States in WWI:1917
Many Americans had been pushing for
isolationism
Lusitania May 7, 1915
German’s use of unrestricted submarine warfare.
Sunk passenger ship- 128 Americans killed
Zimmerman Telegram
Interception of telegram from Germany’s
foreign secretary- Germany would help Mexico
“reconquer” land in US if helped Germany
April 2nd, 1917- US enters WWI on side of
Allies
Total War: propaganda, rationing,
employment of entire population
Russia Withdraws: March 1917
Czar Nicholas Abdicates
Provisional GovernmentStayed in WWI, populace unhappy
Lenin: November 1917
Communist leader Vladimir Lenin seized power.
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk- March 1918
Between Russia and Germany- ended war,
Russia lost land
Allied Victory
US reinforcements help the Allies
Second Battle of the Marne: July 1918
Use of tanks
GermanyKaiser Wilhelm II abdicates, Weimer Republic
sues for peace- November 11th, 1918
Paris Peace Conference
The Big FourWoodrow Wilson (US), Georges Clemenceau
(France), David Lloyd George (Great Britain),
Vittorio Orlando (Italy)
Wilson’s Fourteen Points:
Wants a just and lasting peace. Pushed for selfdetermination, free trade, reduction of
armies/navies, and LEAGUE of NATIONS
Treaty of Versailles
Punishment of Germany- “War Guilt Clause”
Creation of Mandates (British: Transjordan,
Palestine= French: Syria and Lebanon)
Shortcomings of the Treaty of Versailles
US rejected the treaty-isolationism
Bitterness in Germany
Mandate System just disguised European
Colonialism
Japan and Italy- didn’t gain as much land as
expected