Download Levels of Organization

Levels of Organization
5 Characteristics of
Living Things
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All living things
1. are made of cells
2. use energy
3. grow and develop
4. respond to changes/stimuli
5. reproduce
MADE
UP
OF
CELLS
REPRODUCE
5
CHARACHTERISTICS
OF LIVING
THINGS
GROW
AND
DEVELOP
RESPOND
TO
CHANGES
USE
ENERGY
cell-tissue-organorgan system-organism
• smallest/first/least complex
– organ
– organism
– tissue
– organ system
– cell
• largest/last/most complex
cells
• the basic units of structure and function of
all living things
tissue
• a group of related cells working together to
perform a similar function
organ
• tissues that work together to perform a
function
organ system
• a group of organs that work together to
perform a specific function
organism
• a living thing
LEVEL ONE: CELLS
Within a multicellular organism there is a
division of labor. Division of labor means
that the work of keeping the organism alive
is divided among the different parts of the
body.
LEVEL ONE: CELLS
Each part has a specific job to do. And as
each part does its special job, it works in
harmony with all the other parts. The
arrangement of specialized parts within a
living thing is sometimes referred to as
levels of organization. Cells, of course, are
the first level of organization.
LEVEL TWO: TISSUES
In any multicellular organism, cells rarely
work alone. Cells that are similar in
structure and function are usually joined
together to form tissues. Tissues are the
second level of organization.
LEVEL TWO: TISSUES
Bone cells in your body form bone tissue, a
strong solid tissue that gives you shape
and support. Blood cells in your body are
part of blood tissue, a liquid tissue
responsible for transporting food and
oxygen throughout the body.
Connective tissue connects
and supports parts of the body.
Blood, fat, ligaments, cartilage,
bones, and tendons are all
connective tissues.
Nerve tissue carries messages
back and forth between the brain
and every other part of the body.
The brain, spinal cord, and nerves
are made up of nerve tissue.
Epithelial tissue covers and lines
the surfaces of your body and
organs, inside and out. They
primarily serve as protective barriers.
Skin is one example.
Muscle tissue can contract, or
shorten. Because of this, muscle
tissue makes parts of your body
move.
LEVEL THREE: ORGANS
Tissues are further organized in organs, the
third level of organization in living
things. Organs are groups of different
tissues that work together.
LEVEL THREE: ORGANS
Your heart, for example, is an organ made
up of muscle tissue, blood tissue, and nerve
tissue. You are probably familiar with the
names of many of the body organs. The
brain, stomach, kidneys, and skin are some
examples.
LEVEL FOUR: ORGAN
SYSTEMS
Like cells and tissues, organs seldom work
alone. They "cooperate" with one another
and form specific organ systems. Organ
systems are the fourth level of organization
in living things.
LEVEL FOUR: ORGAN
SYSTEMS
An organ system is a group of organs
working together to perform a specific
function for the organism.
Level Four: Organ Systems
Each organ in your body is part of
an organ system, a group of
organs that work together to
perform a major function.
For example, your heart is part of
your circulatory system, which
carries oxygen and other materials
throughout your body. Besides the
heart, blood vessels are organs that
work in your circulatory system.
The nervous system detects and
interprets information from the
environment outside the body and from
within the body; controls most body
functions.
The immune system fights disease.
The excretory system removes
wastes.
The endocrine system controls
many body processes by means of
chemicals, like hormones.
The muscular system enables the body
to move; moves food through the
digestive system, and keeps the heart
beating.
The skeletal system supports and
protects the body, and works with the
muscular system to allow movement;
makes and stores blood cells and stores
some other materials.
The digestive system takes food into
the body, breaks the food down into
smaller particles, and absorbs the
digested materials.
The respiratory system takes oxygen
into the body and eliminates carbon
dioxide.
The reproductive system produces
sex cells that can unite with other
sex cells to create offspring; controls
male and female characteristics.
LEVEL FIVE : ORGANISMS
You are an organism. Dogs, trees, and
sunflowers are also organisms. Even a
unicellular bacterium is an organism. An
organism is an entire living thing that carries
out all the basic life functions. The
organism is the fifth level of organization.
LEVEL FIVE : ORGANISMS
Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems,
organisms--each level of organization
interacts with every other level. The
smooth functioning of a complex organism is
the result of all its various parts working
together.