Download Macronutrients

Macronutrients
Introduction to
Proteins
Protein Models
1. Describe, in general, what you were
doing from step to step.
2. What type of bond forms between amino
acid, forming proteins?
3. What two elements are these bonds
between?
1A & B. Are proteins a macronutrient?
•Yes, they provide 4
kcals/g and you need
them in significant
amounts.
2. Identify the monomers of proteins.
• The monomers (building
blocks) of proteins are
AMINO ACIDS.
• Monomer = amino acid
Polymer = protein
3A & B: Amino acids – proteins
always contain C, H, O, and N
They are organic!
~Carbon & Hydrogen
COMMON AMINO ACID STRUCTURE
4a. What special kind of bonds hold proteins
together?
•Peptide
bonds
4B. DESCRIBE A PEPTIDE BOND
• A peptide bond is formed between
nitrogen of one amino acid and
the carbon of the next.
• More specifically, the nitrogen of
the AMINO group (NH2) and the
carbon on the acid/CARBOXYL
group (COOH)
5a. What is the difference between
essential and nonessential when describing the
monomers of proteins?
• Nonessential: Your body can
produce these amino acids by
itself. It is NOT ESSENTIAL that
a person takes them in through
their diet.
• Essential: Your body can NOT
produce these by itself. It IS
ESSENTIAL that a person take
them in through their diet.
5b. What is the number of amino acids the human body
can produce?
•The human body can
produce 11 of the 20
standard amino acids.
•That means 11 are
NONESSENTIAL and 9 are
ESSENTIAL.
6. Compare complete and incomplete proteins.
•Incomplete: LACKS one or more of the
ESSENTIAL amino acids.
– Most vegetable protein is considered
incomplete
•Complete: CONTAINS all nine of the
essential amino acids.
– Protein from animal sources, such as
meat and milk, is called complete
7A & B. What is another name for proteins?
•Polypeptide
–Poly = “many” and peptide
= “peptide bonds)
**MANY PEPTIDES**
•Peptide bonds are almost
exclusive to proteins
–Not many other molecules
in the body have peptide
bonds
8. List and explain 5 functions of proteins.
• Build, keep up, and replace the tissues in your
body.
• Acts as hormones (sending messages around the
body)
• Antibodies (immune system – helps fight
disease/infection)
• Hemoglobin (responsible for delivering oxygen
to your blood cells)
• Signaling cells what to do and when to do it
• Transporting substances around the body;
through cell membranes
• ENZYMES!!!!
9. What are some food sources of proteins?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Eggs
Milk
Beef, poultry, pork and lamb
Fish and shellfish
Dairy products, including cottage
cheese, cheese, yogurt and milk
6. Dry beans, peas, oats and legumes
7. Tofu and soy products
8. Nuts and seeds
Nutrition Sleuth
• http://wps.aw.com/bc_blake_nutrition_1/75
/19279/4935628.cw/index.html