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Macronutrients Introduction to Proteins Protein Models 1. Describe, in general, what you were doing from step to step. 2. What type of bond forms between amino acid, forming proteins? 3. What two elements are these bonds between? 1A & B. Are proteins a macronutrient? •Yes, they provide 4 kcals/g and you need them in significant amounts. 2. Identify the monomers of proteins. • The monomers (building blocks) of proteins are AMINO ACIDS. • Monomer = amino acid Polymer = protein 3A & B: Amino acids – proteins always contain C, H, O, and N They are organic! ~Carbon & Hydrogen COMMON AMINO ACID STRUCTURE 4a. What special kind of bonds hold proteins together? •Peptide bonds 4B. DESCRIBE A PEPTIDE BOND • A peptide bond is formed between nitrogen of one amino acid and the carbon of the next. • More specifically, the nitrogen of the AMINO group (NH2) and the carbon on the acid/CARBOXYL group (COOH) 5a. What is the difference between essential and nonessential when describing the monomers of proteins? • Nonessential: Your body can produce these amino acids by itself. It is NOT ESSENTIAL that a person takes them in through their diet. • Essential: Your body can NOT produce these by itself. It IS ESSENTIAL that a person take them in through their diet. 5b. What is the number of amino acids the human body can produce? •The human body can produce 11 of the 20 standard amino acids. •That means 11 are NONESSENTIAL and 9 are ESSENTIAL. 6. Compare complete and incomplete proteins. •Incomplete: LACKS one or more of the ESSENTIAL amino acids. – Most vegetable protein is considered incomplete •Complete: CONTAINS all nine of the essential amino acids. – Protein from animal sources, such as meat and milk, is called complete 7A & B. What is another name for proteins? •Polypeptide –Poly = “many” and peptide = “peptide bonds) **MANY PEPTIDES** •Peptide bonds are almost exclusive to proteins –Not many other molecules in the body have peptide bonds 8. List and explain 5 functions of proteins. • Build, keep up, and replace the tissues in your body. • Acts as hormones (sending messages around the body) • Antibodies (immune system – helps fight disease/infection) • Hemoglobin (responsible for delivering oxygen to your blood cells) • Signaling cells what to do and when to do it • Transporting substances around the body; through cell membranes • ENZYMES!!!! 9. What are some food sources of proteins? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Eggs Milk Beef, poultry, pork and lamb Fish and shellfish Dairy products, including cottage cheese, cheese, yogurt and milk 6. Dry beans, peas, oats and legumes 7. Tofu and soy products 8. Nuts and seeds Nutrition Sleuth • http://wps.aw.com/bc_blake_nutrition_1/75 /19279/4935628.cw/index.html