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Ch. 4 Sec. 5 The Expanding Universe Discover activityHow Does the Universe Expand pg. 148 1. What happens to the distances between galaxies that are close together? 2. What happens to the distances between galaxies that are far apart? 3. If the universe is expanding, do galaxies that are close together move apart faster or slower than galaxies that are far apart? Explain. Big Bang Theory •theory that universe formed in an instant, billions of yrs. ago, in an enormous explosion Video clip-The Big Bang Edwin Hubble • discovered : 1. galaxies are moving away from us & each other 2. relationship between distance to a galaxy & its speed Hubble’s law •farther away galaxy is faster it is moving away from us Video clip- Moving Galaxies The galaxies in the universe are like the raisins in rising bread dough. How does rising raisin bread dough resemble the expanding universe? cosmic background radiation • faint radiation glow that comes from all directions in space • leftover thermal radiation from the big bang How old is the universe? 13.7 billion years old Video clip-Cosmic background radiation Formation of the solar system 1. 5 billion yrs. ago, solar nebula (giant cloud of gas & dust) collapsed to form our solar system 2. Gravity pulled solar nebula together 3. Solar nebula shrank & began spinning very fast 4. Solar nebula flattenedformed a rotating disk 5. Gravity pulled gas into center- nuclear fusion began- sun born 6. Remaining gas & dust formed planetesimalsformed planets dark matter •matter that does not give off electromagnetic radiation •23% of universe’s mass dark matter •cannot be seen directlypresence can be inferred by effects of its gravity on visible objects Video clip-Dark Matter dark energy •force causing expansion of universe to accelerate What was the big bang? • Giant explosion after which all of the matter in the universe began moving apart When did the big bang occur? • About 13.7 billion years ago Describe two pieces of evidence that support the big bang theory? 1. Hubble’s law- the observation that the farther away a galaxy is, the faster it is moving away from Earth 2. cosmic background radiationradiation left over from the big bang How old is the solar system? • About 5 billion years old What force caused the solar system to form? • Gravity pulled the solar nebula together and them pulled most of the gas into the center of the disk, where the gas eventually became hot and dense enough for nuclear fusion to begin and form the sun Place the following events in the proper order: • planets form • planetesimals form • solar nebula shrinks • nuclear fusion begins in the sun What is dark matter? • Matter that does not give off electromagnetic radiation How do scientists know that dark matter exists? • Its presence can be inferred by observing the effect of its gravity on visible objects, such as stars, or on light What evidence has led scientists to predict that the universe will continue to expand forever? • The expansion rate of the universe appears to be increasing.