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Art History of the Ancient Near (Middle) East One of the earliest civilizations is born c. 9000 B.C. . This area is modern day: Iraq, Iran, Syria, Turkey etc.. Some of the empires located here were: Mesopotamia, Babylon, Sumeria and Persia. The Bronze Age begins here c. 2800 B.C. Metal provided advances in art, farming, war, travel and cooking. Copper had been worked since 7000 B.C. but it is soft. Stronger, bronze is a combination of copper and tin. Bronze made it possible for these Asian invaders to conquer ancient Egypt and bring on the Middle Kingdom. 1 Art History of the Ancient Near (Middle) East ARCHITECTURE Ziggurat, Mesopotamia, c. 2100 B.C. Invented here, a ziggurat is is a stepped, un-pointed, pyramid with a temple on its flat top. It symbolizes a connection between heaven and earth, showing wealth and stability to glorify god. Ishtar Gate, Babylon, now Iraq c. 575 B.C. A mosaic is a larger image made of smaller pieces. There were mosaics invented here made of clay tiles in earth tone colors as early as 3000 B.C. 2 Art History of the Ancient Near (Middle) East Islamic Art In 610 AD/CE an Arab merchant named Muhammad, had a vision in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. T his message was written in the Koran after his death. People who follow him as a prophet study Islam and are called Muslims. They share much of the old testament with Jewish and Christian faiths. Allah is the Arabic word for God. Mohammed at the Kaaba. Manuscript, Turkey, 1595 CE. It is against the Muslim religion to show the face of the holy profit Mohammed. Banner of Las Navas de Tolosa, Spain, 1212-1250 CE. Rugs are an important part of Islamic faith use as portable floor coverings to pray upon. 3 Art History of the Ancient Near (Middle) East Islamic Architecture Islamic builders invented the Horseshoe and Pointed Arches. Arches are much stronger than rectangular doorways and made it possible to build bigger building with windows. When Muslims invaded southern Europe the arch was adopted there and cathedrals became possible. Horseshoe Arch Pointed Arch Al-Haram Masque,1564 A.D., Mecca. The most holy site in Islam. Home to the Ka’ba, an ancient cube shaped stone believed to be the house that 4 Abraham built for God, rebuilt in 683 A.D./C.E. Review: Art History of the Ancient Near (Middle) East F A B C D E 1. Name 3 modern countries in the area where ancient Mesopotamia was? 2. Name 2 objects Middle Eastern artists invented. Choose the letter of 1 picture above as an example. 3. Name “a larger image made of smaller pieces. ”. Choose the letter of 1 picture above as an example. 4. What is the name of an especially Mesopotamian type of building with a flat top and a temple on it? Choose the letter of 1 picture above as an example. 5. People from the “Middle East” were the “Asian invaders” that conquered Egypt and started the Middle Kingdom. What invention made that possible? 6. What was 1 benefit of the invention of Bronze? 7. Name the most sacred site in Islam. Choose the letter of 1 picture above as an example. 8. Whose face, in Muslim law can not be shown in pictures? Choose the letter of 1 picture above as an example. 5 Word Bank Bronze advances in travel Ziggurat Horseshoe Arch Iran Turkey advances in war Pointed Arch Al-Haram Masque Saudi Arabia Iraq Ka’ba Muhammad advances in art Mecca advances in farming Syria advances in cooking 6 Quiz: Art of the Middle East 1. What modern day countries make-up ancient Mesopotamia? +______ 4 pt. Iran, Iraq, Syria, and Turkey 10 2. List 2 things that Mesopotamians invented (were the 1 st to do). 2 pt. bronze casting, Cuneiform, or written language 3. What is the name of “an image made by small colored pieces stuck onto another surface”? 1 pt. Mosaic 4. What is the name of an especially Mesopotamian type of building with a flat top and a temple on it? 1 pt. Ziggurat 5. People from the “Middle East” were the “Asian invaders” that conquered Egypt during the middle kingdom. What invention made that possible? bronze casting 1 pt. Word Bank 7