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Verbs What is a verb? A verb is a word that shows the action or condition of a person, place, or thing. There are three main types of verbs: action, linking, and helping. Today’s lesson is on ACTION VERBS. Action Verbs An action verb tells what the subject does, did, or will do. The action can be either VISIBLE (an action) or MENTAL (a thought). VISIBLE Ex: The children play outside after school. MENTAL Ex: Our class hopes for the best this year. Note: Action verbs are also called main verbs. Action Verbs Identify the action verb in each sentence. Is it visible or mental. The crowd cheered at the football game. I felt grateful that my mom took me to the mall. Amanda worried about her math test. We gave Mike a surprise birthday party. My cousin received an award for his science project. Action Verbs Identify the action verb in each sentence. The students wrote letters to their friends. Naomi gives the class red pencils. Carmen sewed a quilt for her niece. Peter played the piano at the recital. The baby crawled across the floor. Action Verbs are either Transitive or Intransitive Action verbs that have a direct object are TRANSITIVE verbs. Think of TRANSitive verbs TRANSferring the action of the verb from the subject to the object. Mother baked cookies for the bake sale. ACTION VERBS Transitive Verbs and Direct Objects TRANSITIVE verbs have direct objects. Direct objects receive the action of the verb. They answer the following questions: Who received the action of the verb? Or What received the action of the verb? • I threw the ball. • I threw what? The ball. • Ball is the DO. It received the action of being thrown. ACTION VERBS Transitive Verbs and Direct Objects The following DOs answer the questions what or whom received the action of the verb. • • • • • . Shelly dropped her books. The dog ate the hamburgers. My mother read 8 books last summer. I had the weirdest dream last night. She loves Marcus even though he sometimes annoys her. ACTION VERBS Indirect Objects answer the questions For Whom or What? To Whom or What? Use the DO to ask these questions. EX: James gave Shelly his notes. James gave his notes to whom? To Shelly. Shelly is the IO. EX: Joseph tossed Jill the frisbee. Joseph tossed the frisbee to whom? To Jill. Jill is the IO. Note: An indirect object (IO) can only appear in a sentence that has a DO? ACTION VERBS Transitive Verbs and Indirect Objects The following IOs answer the questions to what or to whom. • He gave his daughter his old phone. • The mayor handed the winner a key to the city. • Harold’s mother tossed him another orange. • The candidate gave the reporter a dirty look. • My friend bought me lunch on Saturday. ACTION VERBS Transitive Verbs and Indirect Objects • He gave his daughter his old phone. • He gave the phone TO WHOM? • The mayor handed the winner a key to the city. • He handed the key TO WHOM? • Harold’s mother tossed him another orange. • She tossed the orange TO WHOM? • The candidate gave the reporter a dirty look. • He gave a dirty look TO WHOM? • My friend bought me lunch on Saturday. • She bought lunch FOR WHOM? ACTION VERBS Intransitive Verbs are Action Verbs that DO NOT have a direct object. There are no DOs in the following sentences. We arrived on time yesterday. You cannot arrive something so this verb is always intransitive. The audience applauded for three minutes. The audience applauded what? There is no answer to that question in this sentence. The verb APPLAUDED does not have a direct object. So, it is an INTRANSITIVE verb. ACTION VERBS Circle the action verbs in the following sentences. If the verb is transitive, underline the DO. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. It rained all night long. They slept in the street. The doctor advised me to exercise regularly. We showed her the photo album. I laughed until I cried. Jo finally remembered her father’s birthday. ACTION VERBS Circle the action verbs in the following sentences. If the verb is transitive, underline the DO. 1. It rained all night long. 2. They slept in the street. 3. The doctor advised me to exercise regularly. 4. We showed her the photo album. 5. I laughed until I cried. 6. Jo finally remembered her father’s birthday. Linking Verbs A linking verb connects (or links) the subject to a word that comes after the verb. The word that comes after the verb either renames the subject or describes it. Ex: Dogs are popular pets. Pets refers to the subject dogs. Ex: The fruit tastes delicious. Delicious describes the subject fruit. Linking Verbs All forms of the verb TO BE are linking verbs. AM IS ARE WAS WERE, BECOME, APPEAR (to be) SEEM, GROW, REMAIN, STAY Sense verbs like LOOK, FEEL, TASTE, SMELL SOUND If a verb can be replaced by a form of the verb “seem” or “seem to be” then it is a linking verb. Linking Verbs The words that follow the linking verb are called PREDICATE NOUNS or PREDICATE ADJECTIVES. Obama became the President in 2009. President is the predicate noun, renaming Obama. The green apple tastes sour. Sour is the predicate adjective, describing the apple. Linking Verbs Underline the subject, circle the linking verb, and box the predicate word linked to the subject. An avocado is a fruit. The flowers in the garden are beautiful. The dance performance was amazing. Jake is very handsome. The singer seemed nervous. The audience looked sympathetic. Linking Verbs Underline the subject, circle the linking verb, and box the predicate word linked to the subject. An avocado is a fruit. The flowers in the garden are beautiful. The dance performance was amazing. Jake is very handsome. The singer seemed nervous. The audience looked sympathetic. Linking or Action? 1. The singer appeared on television. 2. The singer appeared nervous. 3. Your brother grew tall over the summer. 4. My uncle grew a beard last November. 5. The hound dog smelled the food even though we wrapped it tightly. 6. The hound dog smelled terrible after he fell in the retention pond. Helping Verbs Helping verbs help or work with the main verb to create a verb phrase. Helping verbs may also be called auxiliary verbs. Ex: had, has, been, will, may, can, be, is, could, have, am, was, might, must, are, do Ex: She will be leaving for New York soon. Will be is the HELPING VERB. Leaving is the MAIN VERB. Will be leaving is the VERB PHRASE. Helping Verbs Circle the entire verb phrase and underline the helping verb or verbs. The band director is planning the fall musical. They have lived next door for ten years. I might go to Six Flags tomorrow. Their coach is teaching them a new play. Helping Verbs Circle the entire verb phrase and underline the helping verb or verbs. The band director is planning the fall musical. They have lived next door for ten years. I might go to Six Flags tomorrow. Their coach is teaching them a new play. Helping, Action, or Linking The ball bounced off the backboard. Many gases are colorless and odorless. On Thanksgiving, we all enjoy a huge feast. Kate is employed at a school library. The apple pie smells good. Arnold will paint the door tomorrow. Everyone laughed at the funny movie. The king and queen were very nice.