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Japan (1945-Today) Japan after WWII - Japan was in shambles - many Japanese were homeless - no homes, food, jobs, or money Occupation Occupation - The American Forces landed in Japan and began rebuilding under the command of General Douglas MacArthur. 2 Goals of Occupation 1. Destroy any remaining military/supporters 2. Install a democratic government 1. Japan’s armed forces were disbanded 2. Trials were held for war criminals 3. A new constitution was written - Japan could only have a small defensive army - Emperor lost all power - established a parliament called the Diet Japan becomes an economic superpower - Between 1950 and 1975 Japan recovered - Us gave Japan $$$ and protection - It built modern factories that quickly outpaced factories in the US. - Became one of the top producers of cars, cameras, and TV’s around the globe - Japan benefited from a highly educated workforce. TOYOTA HONDA NISSAN MAZDA MITSUBISHI SUBARU SUZUKI ISUZU Japan Today - most Japanese live in cities overpopulated cities expensive housing tiny, cramped apartments Japan is earthquake prone Japanese Customs - Ancestry worship Honor Women in subordinate roles long working hours savings is very important to economy Taiwan - once ruled by China -became semi-independent in 1945 -US gave Taiwan support and built it into a major economic power -Today China wants to regain control over Taiwan -China recently threatened to invade the small island Hong Kong - Controlled by Britain since 1800’s -Grew into a center of trade under the British Empire - Home to many Foreign Banks -1997: Hong Kong returned to China - China promised not to change Hong Kong’s social or government structure for 50 years. History of Vietnam: Foreign Policy Indochina - Prior to World War II Vietnam was known as Indochina - Was a French Colony Move towards Independence - Vietnamese groups demanded independence from France: Group led by Ho Chi Minh - U.S. supports French control over Vietnam 1946 - Vietnam splits in two: Communist North and Non-Communist South 1954 - France surrenders at Dein Bien Phu: US begins sending money and military advisors to support Sought Vietnam 1959 - Viet Cong created in Vietnam: Goal: to unite South with the North 1962 – US begins sending troops to Vietnam (Mostly Special Forces) 1964 - Gulf of Tonkin incident and resolution - Report of a North Vietnamese attack on an American ship in neutral waters in August 1964 - Congress gives President Johnson the power to "take all necessary measures to repel any armed attack against the forces of the United States and to prevent further aggression." Vietnam - US involved 1965-1973 (officially) - public support at home declines - Nixon withdraws troops in 1973, declaring South Vietnam was strong enough to stand on their own. -1975: North takes over South and unifies county under Communism Presidents During Vietnam US GOVT BUNKER US and USSR 1970’s – First Nuclear Weapons Treaty 1979 – Soviet’s invade Afghanistan (The US supports afghan rebels) 1980’s - New Soviet Leader: Mikhail Gorbachev - President Regan and Gorbachev hold 4 summit conferences easing tensions and resulting in nuclear disarmament - 1989: Soviet Union falls apart and the Cold War comes to an end 1990-1991 : Collapse of USSR 1989: Fall of the Berlin Wall President Clinton 1992-2000 1. Bosnia 2. Somalia 3. Haiti 4. Middle East Peace 5. North Korea The Bush Doctrine - Current US Foreign Policy (Post 9-11) - “ The US will make no distinction between the terrorists who committed these acts and those who harbor them” - Invasion of Afghanistan (2001) - Invasion of Iraq (2003) CHINA Read page 560-565 in text Exam: Cold War/Asia