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Exam 2 T 4/5 in class (bring cheat sheet) Take-home 2 due 4/5 in class Today: Circulation and Respiration Sources of transported material B-cells, T-cells, antibodies, nutrients, waste, O2, CO2, water, minerals, etc must be transported throughout the body Fig 42.17 Fig 42.6 B-cells, Tcells, antibodies, nutrients, waste, O2, CO2, water, minerals, etc must be transported throughout the body Fig 42.6 Humans have two ciculatory circuits: pulmonary and systemic Fig 42.10 Blood flows from arteries to capillaries to veins Capillaries provide the large surface area required for these exchanges to take place. Fig 42.11 Blood pressure changes as the blood moves from arteries to capillaries This change in pressure causes fluid to leak out of the capillaries Fig 42.16 High pressure, Fluid forced out Interstitial fluid, Recovered by… Blood in vein, More viscous Not all of the fluid (~15%) is reabsorbed on the venous side. This interstitial fluid is collected by the lymphatic system. Fig 42.16 Lymphatic system Fig 43.7 Fig 41.16 The lymphatic system collects interstitial fluid from the body and returns the fluid to the blood as the blood is reentering the heart Lymph vessel Fig 41.16 Fats and lipids move through the lymphatic system, which returns fluid to blood directly before heart Lymph vessel small intestine Because of the low pressure in veins and lymph vessels, movement of these fluids comes from skeletal muscles movements. Fig 42.14 The human circulatory system is both open and closed Fig 42.3 The human circulatory system is both open and closed Fig 42.3 The human circulatory system is both open and closed Fig 42.3 Nutrients, Waste, O2, CO2, Water, Minerals, etc must be transported throughout the body light Photosynthesis CO2 + H2O C6H1206 + O2 sugar Cellular Respiration C6H1206 + O2 sugar CO2 + H2O energy ADP ATP Nutrients, Waste, O2, CO2, Water, Minerals, etc must be transported throughout the body Fig 42.28 Gases move by diffusion: Only from high to low concentration Hb is carried inside red blood cells hemoglobin Hemoglobin (a protein) carries oxygen in the blood Fig 42.24 The Respiratory System: large surface area to maximize gas exchange ~100m2 in humans Fig 42.24 Gas exchange occurs in alveoli In the lungs, O2 diffuses into the blood, and CO2 diffuses out into the lungs. How is oxygen delivered to where it is needed? By adjusting blood flow… Fig 42.15 By changes in blood pH Fig 42.30 Cell O2 Fig 42.30 Blood O2 Hb in RBC Cellular Respiration CO2 Low CO2 High O2 CO2 Hb in RBC O2 O2 Lung Cell O2 Cellular Respiration CO2 Fig 42.30 Blood O2 Hb in RBC CO2+H2O =H2CO3 (carbonic acid) Low CO2 High O2 (less CO2 carbonic acid) Hb in RBC O2 O2 Lung Changes in blood pH, change binding affinity of hemoglobin Fig 42.29b Cell O2 Cellular Respiration CO2 Fig 42.30 Blood O2 Hb releases O2 at lower pH CO2+H2O =H2CO3 (carbonic acid) Low CO2 High O2 CO2 (less carbonic acid) Hb can bind O2 O 2 O2 Lung Exam 2 T 4/5 in class (bring cheat sheet) Take-home 2 due 4/5 in class