Download C-OH

Outline

1/17/07
Announcements
Pick up CAPA sets #3 - outside
Summer Research Mtg @ 6:30pm
 Today:
Chapter 13:
Organic nomenclature
Functional Groups
Polymer reactions…
Questions:
DISCUS posts = 82%
CAPA set #1 = 100%
Good job.
Why is FPD constant in lab = 8.0 °C/m?
Quiz #1
 Please
put your books & notes away
 If you don’t have a calculator, set the
problem up correctly for full credit…
 Periodic table on the back
Turn it over when you are done.
Quiz #1
 Please
turn the quiz over and pass it
to your right.
Quiz #1
 What
did we learn from that?
“like dissolves like…”
BPE: DT = Kb m i
First semester material is
assumed…nomenclature,
mole calculations, etc…
Functional Groups
 Carbon
combines with other atoms
(mainly H, N, O, S and halogens) to
form “functional groups”
 Sites of typical reactions
 Used to classify organic compounds
 Serve as a basis for naming compounds
Functional Groups
 Alcohols
are organic compounds
whose functional group is the
hydroxyl group (or ..-OH) typically
bonded to a tetrahedral carbon (i.e.,
four single bonds).
Ethyl Alcohol
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
O
H
Ethyl Alcohol
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
O
H
The hydroxyl
functional group
Ethyl Alcohol
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
Note that it’s
attached to a
tetrahedral carbon
O
H
Ethyl Alcohol
H
H
C
H
s
H
s
Cs
H
s
Four single s-bonds
O
H
Ethyl Alcohol Structural formula
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
O
H
The condensed structural formula for ethyl alcohol is
Ethyl Alcohol Structural formula
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
O
H
The condensed structural formula for ethyl alcohol is
CH3CH2OH
Ethyl Alcohol Structural formula
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
O
H
The condensed structural formula for ethyl alcohol is
CH3CH2OH
Ethyl Alcohol Structural formula
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
O
H
The condensed structural formula for ethyl alcohol is
CH3CH2OH
Ethyl Alcohol Structural formula
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
O
H
The condensed structural formula for ethyl alcohol is
CH3CH2OH
Ethyl Alcohol Structural formula
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
O
H
The condensed structural formula for ethyl alcohol is
CH3CH2OH
The molecular formula is
C2H6O
Classification of Alcohols
 Classified
depending on the number of
carbon atoms bonded to the -C-OH
H
H
CH3 - C - OH
CH3 - C - OH
H
CH3
CH3 - C - OH
CH3
CH3
Classification of Alcohols
 Classified
depending on the number of
carbon atoms bonded to the -C-OH
H
H
CH3 - C - OH
CH3 - C - OH
H
Primary (1o)
CH3
CH3 - C - OH
CH3
CH3
Classification of Alcohols
 Classified
depending on the number of
carbon atoms bonded to the -C-OH
H
H
CH3 - C - OH
CH3 - C - OH
H
Primary (1o)
CH3
CH3 - C - OH
CH3
CH3
Secondary (2o)
Classification of Alcohols
 Classified
depending on the number of
carbon atoms bonded to the -C-OH
H
H
CH3 - C - OH
CH3 - C - OH
H
Primary (1o)
CH3
CH3 - C - OH
CH3
Tertiary (3o)
CH3
Secondary (2o)
Amines
 The
functional group of an amine is an
amino group - a nitrogen atom bonded
to one, two or three carbon atoms
 Really just ammonia, NH3, with one,
two or three hydrogens replaced by a
bond to a carbon atom
Amines
H
H
H-N-H
ammonia
H
CHH3 - N - H
CH3
dimethylamine
(a 2o amine)
H-N-H
CH3
methylamine
(a 1o amine)
CH3
CHH3 - N - H
CH3
trimethylamine
(a 3o amine)
Aldehydes and Ketones
 Aldehydes
and ketones contain a
carbonyl group, C=O
 In an aldehyde, the carbonyl group is
terminal - bonded to a hydrogen, a CHO group
 In a ketone, the carbonyl group is
internal - bonded between two carbon
atoms
Aldehydes and Ketones
terminal
carbonyl bonded
to an H atom
H H O
H O H
H-C-C-C-H
H H
propanaldehyde
H-C-C-C-H
H
H
acetone
Aldehydes and Ketones
Internal carbonyl
bonded to two C
atoms
H H O
H O H
H-C-C-C-H
H H
H-C-C-C-H
H
H
propanaldehyde
acetone
(an aldehyde)
(a ketone)
Aldehydes and Ketones
Condensed structural formula for propanaldehyde
would be written as CH3CH2CHO or CH3CH2CH=O
H H O
H O H
H-C-C-C-H
H-C-C-C-H
H H
H
H
propanaldehyde
acetone
(an aldehyde)
(a ketone)
Condensed structural formula for acetone would be
written as CH3COCH3
Carboxylic Acids
 Organic
acids contain a carboxyl group
… . -COOH
 It’s a combination of a carbonyl (C=O)
and a hydroxyl (-OH) group
carbonyl
+ hydroxyl =
O
-C-
carboxyl
O
-OH
- C - OH
Carboxylic Acids

The carboxyl group always terminates a
chain of carbon atoms
O
CH3 - CH2 - C - OH
propanoic acid
Carboxylic Acids

The carboxyl group always terminates a
chain of carbon atoms
O
CH3 - CH2 - C - OH
propanoic acid
Simplest condensed structural formula would
be written as CH3CH2COOH or CH3CH2CO2H
Carboxylic Acids

The carboxyl group always terminates a
chain of carbon atoms
O
CH3 - CH2 - C - OH
propanoic acid
Today’s factoid: Propanoic acid gives sharp
cheddar cheese its bite!
Macromolecules
 Macromolecule:
a molecule consisting
of a large number (several hundred) of
atoms
 Poly mer: A class of macromolecules.
many
 Monomer:
small molecules linked
together to form polymers.
Chemical Polymerization
Reactions
There are four types of chemical
polymerization reactions:
1. Free Radical Polymerizations.
2. Condensation Polymerizations.
3. Cationic Polymerizations.
4. Anionic Polymerizations.
Only type 1 and 2 polymerizations in
Chapter 13…