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Outline 1/17/07 Announcements Pick up CAPA sets #3 - outside Summer Research Mtg @ 6:30pm Today: Chapter 13: Organic nomenclature Functional Groups Polymer reactions… Questions: DISCUS posts = 82% CAPA set #1 = 100% Good job. Why is FPD constant in lab = 8.0 °C/m? Quiz #1 Please put your books & notes away If you don’t have a calculator, set the problem up correctly for full credit… Periodic table on the back Turn it over when you are done. Quiz #1 Please turn the quiz over and pass it to your right. Quiz #1 What did we learn from that? “like dissolves like…” BPE: DT = Kb m i First semester material is assumed…nomenclature, mole calculations, etc… Functional Groups Carbon combines with other atoms (mainly H, N, O, S and halogens) to form “functional groups” Sites of typical reactions Used to classify organic compounds Serve as a basis for naming compounds Functional Groups Alcohols are organic compounds whose functional group is the hydroxyl group (or ..-OH) typically bonded to a tetrahedral carbon (i.e., four single bonds). Ethyl Alcohol H H C H H C H O H Ethyl Alcohol H H C H H C H O H The hydroxyl functional group Ethyl Alcohol H H C H H C H Note that it’s attached to a tetrahedral carbon O H Ethyl Alcohol H H C H s H s Cs H s Four single s-bonds O H Ethyl Alcohol Structural formula H H C H H C H O H The condensed structural formula for ethyl alcohol is Ethyl Alcohol Structural formula H H C H H C H O H The condensed structural formula for ethyl alcohol is CH3CH2OH Ethyl Alcohol Structural formula H H C H H C H O H The condensed structural formula for ethyl alcohol is CH3CH2OH Ethyl Alcohol Structural formula H H C H H C H O H The condensed structural formula for ethyl alcohol is CH3CH2OH Ethyl Alcohol Structural formula H H C H H C H O H The condensed structural formula for ethyl alcohol is CH3CH2OH Ethyl Alcohol Structural formula H H C H H C H O H The condensed structural formula for ethyl alcohol is CH3CH2OH The molecular formula is C2H6O Classification of Alcohols Classified depending on the number of carbon atoms bonded to the -C-OH H H CH3 - C - OH CH3 - C - OH H CH3 CH3 - C - OH CH3 CH3 Classification of Alcohols Classified depending on the number of carbon atoms bonded to the -C-OH H H CH3 - C - OH CH3 - C - OH H Primary (1o) CH3 CH3 - C - OH CH3 CH3 Classification of Alcohols Classified depending on the number of carbon atoms bonded to the -C-OH H H CH3 - C - OH CH3 - C - OH H Primary (1o) CH3 CH3 - C - OH CH3 CH3 Secondary (2o) Classification of Alcohols Classified depending on the number of carbon atoms bonded to the -C-OH H H CH3 - C - OH CH3 - C - OH H Primary (1o) CH3 CH3 - C - OH CH3 Tertiary (3o) CH3 Secondary (2o) Amines The functional group of an amine is an amino group - a nitrogen atom bonded to one, two or three carbon atoms Really just ammonia, NH3, with one, two or three hydrogens replaced by a bond to a carbon atom Amines H H H-N-H ammonia H CHH3 - N - H CH3 dimethylamine (a 2o amine) H-N-H CH3 methylamine (a 1o amine) CH3 CHH3 - N - H CH3 trimethylamine (a 3o amine) Aldehydes and Ketones Aldehydes and ketones contain a carbonyl group, C=O In an aldehyde, the carbonyl group is terminal - bonded to a hydrogen, a CHO group In a ketone, the carbonyl group is internal - bonded between two carbon atoms Aldehydes and Ketones terminal carbonyl bonded to an H atom H H O H O H H-C-C-C-H H H propanaldehyde H-C-C-C-H H H acetone Aldehydes and Ketones Internal carbonyl bonded to two C atoms H H O H O H H-C-C-C-H H H H-C-C-C-H H H propanaldehyde acetone (an aldehyde) (a ketone) Aldehydes and Ketones Condensed structural formula for propanaldehyde would be written as CH3CH2CHO or CH3CH2CH=O H H O H O H H-C-C-C-H H-C-C-C-H H H H H propanaldehyde acetone (an aldehyde) (a ketone) Condensed structural formula for acetone would be written as CH3COCH3 Carboxylic Acids Organic acids contain a carboxyl group … . -COOH It’s a combination of a carbonyl (C=O) and a hydroxyl (-OH) group carbonyl + hydroxyl = O -C- carboxyl O -OH - C - OH Carboxylic Acids The carboxyl group always terminates a chain of carbon atoms O CH3 - CH2 - C - OH propanoic acid Carboxylic Acids The carboxyl group always terminates a chain of carbon atoms O CH3 - CH2 - C - OH propanoic acid Simplest condensed structural formula would be written as CH3CH2COOH or CH3CH2CO2H Carboxylic Acids The carboxyl group always terminates a chain of carbon atoms O CH3 - CH2 - C - OH propanoic acid Today’s factoid: Propanoic acid gives sharp cheddar cheese its bite! Macromolecules Macromolecule: a molecule consisting of a large number (several hundred) of atoms Poly mer: A class of macromolecules. many Monomer: small molecules linked together to form polymers. Chemical Polymerization Reactions There are four types of chemical polymerization reactions: 1. Free Radical Polymerizations. 2. Condensation Polymerizations. 3. Cationic Polymerizations. 4. Anionic Polymerizations. Only type 1 and 2 polymerizations in Chapter 13…