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TAKS OBJECTIVE 3
TEK 12 (B)
ORGANISMS RELY ON OTHER SPECIES FOR
SURVIVAL:
The student knows that interdependence and
interactions occur within an ecosystem.
The student is expected to INTERPRET
interactions among organisms exhibiting
predation, parasitism, commensalism and
mutualism.
Focus Question:

Organisms do not live in isolation.
Explain the different relationships/
interactions ONE ORGANISM may have
with OTHER ORGANISMS.
TAKS PRACTICE
Which of the following is an example of
mutualism?
A A wasp injects its eggs inside the body of a
caterpillar. The eggs hatch and eat the
caterpillar.
B A bird builds a nest in a tree.
C A human uses a dog to protect a flock of
sheep. The dog is given food and shelter.
D A flower grows next to a bush.
EXAMPLE: consider the following…
Tundra biome, WHAT IF,
1
cubs were
not
dependent of
their parent?
OR
2
OR
polar bears did
not have the
physical ability
to kill their
prey?
3
polar bears
simply DID NOT
form positive
relationships with
other animals?
Symbiotic Relationships
There are 4 symbiotic
relationships:

Mutualism

Parasitism

Commensalisms

Predation
MUTUALISM
1
2
Clownfish (+) vs. Sea Anemone (+)
Person 1 (+) vs. Person 2 (+)
Butterfly (+) vs. Flower (+)
PARASITISM
Tick (+) vs. Dog (-)
Mite (+) vs. Plant (-)
Mosquito (+) vs. Human (-)
COMMENSALISM
Remora (+) vs. Shark (0)
Bromeliad plant (+) vs. tree trunk (0)
Cattle egret (+) vs. Buffalo (0)
PREDATION
Lion (+) vs. Buffalo (x)
Snake (+) vs. Frog (x)
Sea Lion (+) vs. Salmon (x)
TAKS PRACTICE
Which of the following best describes a difference
between a mutualistic relationship and a parasitic
relationship?
F Parasitism harms both organisms, while mutualism
harms only one organism.
G Parasitism benefits only one organism, while
mutualism benefits both organisms.
H Parasitism involves only two organisms, while
mutualism involves many organisms.
J Parasitism continues for many generations, while
mutualism is limited to one generation.
Beechdrops (Epifagus virginiana) are leafless plants that lack
chlorophyll. Beechdrops get their nourishment from the roots
of beech trees, which reduces the amount of nutrients
available to the trees themselves. This interaction is best
described as —
A predatory
B parasitic
C commensalistic
D mutualistic
BEECHDROPS VS. TREE
Beechdrops get nourishment
and trees lose nutrients.
Beechdrops benefit and trees
are harmed…parasitism
TAKS
PRACTICE
In Central America there is a tree called bulhorn acacia
(Acacia cornigera) that provides both food and shelter to a
certain species of ant (Pseudomyrmex ferruginea). The
ants live within the tree without causing it harm. In fact,
the ants protect the tree by vigorously attacking and
stinging other animals that try to eat it. This relationship is
an example of-
A. Predation
B. Parasitism
C. Mutualism
D. Commensalism
ANTS VS. TREE
Remember, the ants protect
the tree. The ants receive
food and shelter. Each
benefits…mutualism
organism benefits
TAKS PRACTICE
How does parasitism differ from predation?
a. No organism is harmed in a parasitic relationship.
b. No organism is harmed in a predator-prey
relationship.
c. Parasitism does not always result in the death of an
organism.
d. Parasitism does not occur among mammals.
1 According to the
information in the box,
which of these best
describes the relationship
between rhizobia and bean
plants?
A Parasitism
B Opportunism
C Commensalism
D Mutualism
BACTERIA VS. PLANT
Remember, the bacteria
get energy. The plants
get nitrogen. Each
organism benefits…
Mutualism
EPIPHYTES VS. TREE
Which of these best describes the
relationship between epiphytes and Epiphytes receive
trees?
sunlight, they benefit.
F Parasitism
G Migration
H Commensalism
J Predation
Trees are not
affected…commensalism
EXPLANATION
Commensalism (+,0): one organism benefits while the
other organism is neither benefiting or harmed.
Mutualism (+,+): relationship in which both organisms
benefit.
Parasitism (+,-): one organism benefits from the
organism that is being harmed.
Predation (+,x): one organism benefits from killing
another organism
Symbiosis: a close relationship between two or more
organisms.