Download Chapter 23 – 2 - Mr. Harris` US History Class

Chapter 23 – 2 Vocabulary
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Betty Friedan
National Organization of Women (NOW)
Gloria Steinem
Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)
Phyllis Schlafly
feminism
Chapter 23 – 2
Women Fight for Equality
Section Objectives
 Identify and describe the factors that led to the
rise of the women's movement.
 Describe some of the early gains and loses of
the women’s movement.
 Describe the legacy of the women’s movement
in the areas of; employment, education, and
politics.
Women’s Movement Begins Anew
 Betty Friedan, noted author, surveys college
classmates 15 years after graduation to dispel
the myth that all women need to be fulfilled is a
husband, children, and a house in the suburbs.
 Her results were published in the
groundbreaking book, The Feminine Mystique.
what Friedan termed, “the problem with no
name” became the central theme of the
movement.
Women’s Movement Begins Anew
Women’s Movement Begins Anew
 In the 50’s, 1 in 3 women worked outside the
home.
 By 1960, that number had increased to 40%.
 Women were ‘limited’ to what was considered
“women’s work”.
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Clerical, domestic service, retail sales, social
work, teaching and nursing.
 These occupations were considered
‘beneath’ men and poor pay jobs.
Women’s Movement Begins Anew
 1961 – Kennedy appoints the Presidential
Commission on the Status of Women.
 1963 – The Commission reported that women
were;
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Paid far less than men, even when doing the
same jobs.
Were seldom promoted to management
position, even when their education,
experience and ability were superior or equal
to men’s.
Women’s Movement Begins Anew
Fighting the “Glass Ceiling”
Women’s Movement Begins Anew
 As women experience increased
discrimination, they become more involved in
the civil rights movement.
 After minor roles in groups like SCLC and
SNCC, women begin to organize small
groups to discuss their concerns.
 Women began to come together over
Friedan’s book.
Women’s Movement Begins Anew
 By the late 1960’s, women were work
together for change.
 Characterized as ‘the movement that one
doesn’t join, but takes place whenever three
or four friends, or neighbor decide to meet
regularly…on the welfare line, in the
supermarket, the factory, the convent, the
farm, the maternity ward.”
 The Women’s Liberation Movement was
born.
Win Some, Lose Some….
 As the movement grew, remarkable gains
were made, both political and social.
 There was an attempt to ensure women’s
equality through constitutional change.
 With the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 64,
Friedan and others form NOW (National
Organization for Women)
Win Some, Lose Some….
 NOW members pushed for child care facilities
so women could pursue jobs and careers.
 They pressured the EEOC to enforce the
laws against discrimination more vigorously.
 NOW’s effort prompted the EEOC to declare
sex-segregated job ads illegal, and issued
guideline to employers.
Win Some, Lose Some….
 In the first 3 years, membership grew to
175,000.Staging a demonstration at the Miss
America pageant, women threw bras, wigs,
girdles and other “women's garbage” into a
“Freedom Garbage Can”.
 They then crown a sheep “Miss America.”
 Gloria Steinem, journalist, political activist and
supporter of NOW, formed the National
Women’s Political Caucus.
Win Some, Lose Some….
 The National Women’s Political Caucus
encouraged women to run for political office.
 Steinem also founded Ms. magazine.
 Women soon began to question all gender
based distinctions.
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Participation in sports,
Equal access to higher education.
Win Some, Lose Some….
 Some women abandoned the traditional Mrs.
For the modern Ms. after marriage.
 In 1972, Congress passed a ban on gender
discrimination.
 In 1973 the Supreme Court ruled that women
had the right to choose an abortion during the
first three months of pregnancy. Roe v.
Wade still is an emotional and controversial
today.
Win Some, Lose Some….
 Also in 1972, in what appeared to be the
movement's biggest victory, Congress
passed the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA).
 Needing ratification by 38 states, the ERA
would constitutionally guarantee that both
men and women would enjoy the same rights
and protections under the law.
 This scared many, and the Stop – ERA
campaign began.
Win Some, Lose Some….
 Phyllis Schlafly, a conservative, along with
conservative religious groups, and many antifeminists felt that the ERA would lead to
women being drafted, and would end laws
protecting homemakers, and end the
husband’s responsibility to provide for his
family.
 By 1977, ERA passed in only 35 states.
 By 1982, the ERA went down to defeat.
Legacy of the Movement
 Many gains were realized.
 In 1965, 70% of women planned not to work
when their children were of preschool age.
 By 1972, 7% said they would stop working to
raise children.
 As of 1970, 8% of all medical students and
5% of law student were women.
 By 1998, 42% and 44% respectively were
women.
Legacy of the Movement
 By 1983, 13.5% of elected
state officials were
women.
 Women held 24 seats in
the U.S. Congress.
Homework
 Chapter 23 – 2
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Reteach
Section Quiz