Download Slide 1 - HSB4M

Methods
• Anthropology main study technique
– Participant observation
• Psychology main study technique
– Social science experiment
• Ethnography is the scientific study of
human races and cultures
Field Observation
• A method by which scientists observe one
or more subjects in their own environment
for the purpose of gathering data about
behaviour
Psychology
• Studies individual behaviour
• Clinical Psychology
– Treatment of patients
• Experimental Psychology
– Branch dealing with research. Sets up trials to see
how people act in particular situations
• Milgram experiment
– Results
• 2/3 of people are considered obedient
• No subject stopped before 300 volts
• 65% shocked to 450 volts
Freud
• Freud
– Id (pleasure seeking impulse)
– Ego (rational part of the mind- realistic)
– Superego (moral part of the mind- conscience)
Rat Study
• Rat study
– Pavlov
– Demonstrated a dog could be taught to
salivate at the sound of a bell.
– Classical conditioning
– Comes under learning theory
Psychology
• Behaviourism
– John Watson
– only focuses on objectively observable
behaviors and discounts mental activities.
Behavior theorists define learning as nothing
more than the acquisition of new behavior
– BF Skinner
• Humanism
– Maslow (hierarchy of needs)
Cognition
• Cognitive Dissonance
– Uncomfortable feeling by two contrasting ideas acting
simultaneously. E.g. smoking but believing it can
cause significant health problems.
• Cognitive Consistency
– Human beings tendency to seek out stimuli which is
consistent with attitude and values
– For example, a Detroit autoworker is likely to read
articles that extol the virtues of U.S.-built cars and will
avoid reading articles that are critical of U.S. Cars or
that praise foreign cars. By doing so, uncomfortable
feelings associated with contradictory information
Mental Disorders
• Neurosis minor disorders, stress related
disorders, and phobias
• Psychosis serious disorder of the mind
including delusions.
• Anti Social Personality Disorder
Anthropology
• Studies development of human species
and culture around the world
• Rely on logic
• Intuition is not included in observation
• Lineages
– Patrilineal (through the male line)
– Matrilineal (through the female line)
• Demography
– study of human populations
Sociology
• Durkheim
– Anomie
• State of normlessness
• Difficulty adapting to society
• Industrial Revolution
Sociology
• Marx
– Alienation
• People who do not share in the values of society
– Conformity
Sociological Concepts
• Norms are customary types of behaviour
• Values are beliefs of a group that provide
standards for member behaviour
• Role denotes a particular set of
behaviours we must follow to be
recognized as an actor
Baby Boom Era
• Demography- statistical study of human
populations
• Generation X
– Part of the late baby boom
• Generation Y (1980-1995)
• Baby boom
– Tremendous infrastructure increase
– Sexual Revolution
• Rise in illegitimate births
Life Cycle
• Infancy is typically applied to children
between the ages of 1 month and 12
months . However, definitions vary
between birth and 2 years of age.
• Adolescence is the transition period
between childhood and adulthood
Socialization
• Children shaped into functioning members
of society
Fertility
• Infertility
– When a woman has been trying to conceive
for a year
• Fecundity
– The ability to reproduce
Health and Wellness
• Private Health Care
– Funded by individual insurance plans
• Aboriginal Wellness
– Emphasizes spiritual and emotional
• Models of Health Care
– Health Promotion Model
– Social Model
Prejudice
• Prejudice
– Unfair idea or thought
• Discrimination
– Unfair action against a person or group
• Stereotypes
– Categorization of people
Prejudice
• Theories Of Prejudice
– Social Cognitive Theory
• Children learn prejudice based on what they learn
from parents
Globalization
• Has caused inequality of income
• Causes child labour
• Causes Canadian workers to lose jobs
International Organizations
• United Nations
– strives to maintain international peace and
security and facilitates international cooperation in economic, social and
humanitarian matters
POSITION PAPER
1.
Has technological change been positive for Canadian society?
– Your task is to create a 5 paragraph essay responding
to the question and supporting your thesis (main
opinion) on the ways that technology has driven social
change in the following areas:
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Your essay should define/ refer to the following
concepts:
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Globalization
Health and wellness
Fertility
Social change
Causes of social change
Technological determinism
Your paper will be assessed on the following:
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Quality of information (K)
Arguments in defense of thesis (T)
Communication (C)
Ability to apply concepts and course material (A)