Download Medical Terminology

Cardiovascular
System
By
Khaled Na3im
Anatomy and Physiology
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pump and delivery system
supply trillions of cells with oxygen and other
nutrients vital for survival
transport cellular waste to appropriate organs for
removal
Structures
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heart - pump
vessels - container
blood - liquid
The Heart
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hollow muscular organ
(cardiac muscle)
pump to circulate blood
blood to oxygenate cells
and remove waste
products
Cardi/o - heart
The human heart
Location and Protection
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located between the
lungs and above the
diaphragm
Pericardium
Pericardial Fluid
Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium
Blood Vessels
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Blood Vessels - arteries, veins, capillaries
angi/o and vas/o
arteries - carry blood away from heart, usually
oxygenated blood
veins - carry blood to the heart, usually
deoxygenated blood
Arteries
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arteri/o
blood propelled by heart
arteries are thick with three layers
pulse-surge of blood
oxygenated blood - bright red
arteries to arterioles to capillaries
endarterial - pertaining to the interior wall of an
artery
Capillaries
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system of microscopic
vessels
one epithelial cell thick
anatomic units connect
arterial/venous systems
blood flow much slower
through capillaries to
allow for exchange
blood cells travel in single
file
Veins
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low-pressure collecting
system
ven/o and phleb/o
venules - small veins
veins have valves
deoxygenated blood
venae cavae - venous
blood to Right Atrium
Heart
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Endocardium - serous membrane lining
myocardium - muscle layer
epicardium - outermost layer
pericardium - sac containing the heart
Heart
Chambers
Left
Atrium
Right
Atrium
Right
Ventricle
Left
Ventricle
Apex
Internal Heart Chambers
Heart Valves
Pulmonary Veins
Mitral
Left
Tricuspid
Right
Apex
Blood Supply to Heart
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Coronary Artery System
 right
coronary
 left coronary
 left
anterior descending
 circumflex
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Systemic Circulation
 All
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parts of body except lungs
Pulmonary Circulation
 pulmonary
arterial system
Conduction System of the heart
1-SA Node (Pacemaker)
2-AV Node
3-Bundle of His
4-Perkinje fibers
The Conducting System of the Heart
Conducting System of the Heart
Normal Sinus Rhythm
Arrhythmias or Dysrhythmias
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palpitation
fibrillation
atrial fibrillation
ventricular fibrillation
bradycardia
tachycardia
Pulse
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pulse-rhythmic
expansion and
contraction of an
artery produced by
pressure of blood
moving though the
artery
Blood Pressure
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Measurement of
amount of pressure
exerted against the
walls of the vessels.
Systolic - highest
pressure result of
ventricular contraction
Diastolic - lowest
pressure when
ventricles relaxed
Pathology of the Cardiovascular
system
Atherosclerosis
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Atheromas accumulate in the tunica intima
scleroses
hypercholesterolemia
lumen
ischemia
thrombosis, embolus
occlusion
aneurysm
Aneurysm
A localized balloon-like
enlargement of an
artery.
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
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Diseases of coronary circulation
atherosclerosis may cause angina, MI and sudden
death
myocardial ischemia
 angina,
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dyspnea
myocardial infarction
 diaphoresis,
pallor, dyspnea
Procedures
Opening Blocked Arteries
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Percutaneous transluminal coronary
angioplasty (PTCA)
Carotid endarterectomy
Coronary artery bypass surgery
 revascularization
Ischemic Heart Disease OR IHD
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cardiac disability due to
insufficient supply of
oxygenated blood to heart
caused by constriction or
obstruction of coronary artery
Ischemia - deficiency of blood
supply
Congestive Heart Failure
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Impaired cardiac pumping, caused by myocardial
infarction, ischemic heart disease, or
cardiomyopathy.
Failure of the ventricle to eject blood efficiently
results in volume overload, chamber dilatation, and
elevated intracardial pressure.
Retrograde transmission of increased hydrostatic
pressure from the left heart causes pulmonary
congestion; elevated right heart pressure causes
systemic venous congestion and peripheral edema.
Forms of Carditis
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Carditis - inflammation of the
heart
Pericarditis - inflammation of
pericardium
Myocarditis - inflammation of
myocardium
Endocarditis - inflammation of
inner layer of
the
heart
Infective Endocarditis
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Thrombi
vegetations
regurgitation of blood
stenosis
insufficiency
valvotomy, commissurotomy
prophylactic antibiotic treatment
Varicose Veins
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Incompetent valves
 esophageal
varices
 anal hemorrhoids
 legs
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Edema (localized, generalized)
phlebitis, thrombophlebitis
emboli, embolus, embolectomy
thrombolysis
ligation and stripping
Oncology
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Myxoma
 tumor
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of mucous connective tissue
Metastasized from malignant melanoma
Terms
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Diagnostic, Symptomatic, Therapeutic
Diagnostic Procedures
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Angiography-x-ray of blood
vessels after injection of
contrast medium-angiogram
Angiocardiographyradiopaque dye and chest xrays to show dimensions of
heart and large blood vessels angiocardiogram
Cardiac Catheterization
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radiopaque dye injected
through a vein or artery to
heart
Right: catheter inserted into
vein: R arm/groin to heart to
measure pressures & take blood
samples
Pharmacology
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Antianginals
antihypertensives
beta blockers
calcium channel blockers
diuretics
heparin
inotropics, cardiotonics
tissue plasminogen activators (TPA)
vasodilators