Download World War II - Phoenix Union High School District

World War 2
The devastating effects of worldwide depression and Treaty of
Versailles led to rise of totalitarian
regimes. German, Italian, and
Japanese aggression led to a
major war involving most world
powers. Following WW2, two
superpowers emerged leading to a
Cold War.
Bell Work 3-3-17
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2. If you were absent on
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3. If you did take the quiz, turn in
your NOTES PACKET to your
class tray.
1.
World War II
The World After the
Great War
Treaty of Versailles
 Humiliated
Germany
by forcing to pay
reparations, accept guilt,
demilitarize, give up land and
colonies
 Reparations left Germany in debt
Treaty of Versailles
 Established
League of Nations:
–Organization of 42 nations who met
to work out problems of world &
avoid future wars, BUT…
–Had no military so League could not
enforce any of its laws
–Did not include US (voted against
signing treaty & League of Nations
because did not want to be involved
in future European problems)
Countries Destroyed
 Great
Britain:
–After the Great War,
England
was no longer
the
leading economic power in the
world; war caused large debt &
had to borrow from US
Countries Destroyed
 France:
–Most of fighting during war took
place in France & Germany; war
destroyed villages, farms, forests
–Huge war debts meant that France
could not rebuild quickly
–Built Maginot Line between France
& Germany to protect from future
invasions
Countries Destroyed
 Italy:
–Mad about Versailles Treaty
because did not get land on Adriatic
Coast
–Unemployment
grew in Italy after
the war; led to
riots & strikes
Countries Destroyed
 Germany:
–New Weimar Republic created at
Versailles, but seen as traitors;
political instability & military coups
threatened overthrow of Weimar
government
–In 1922 Germany declared could
not pay reparations
–Printed more money, led to massive
inflation (money value decreased)
Countries Destroyed
 Russia:
–By 1921, Russians had
experienced the Great War,
Russian Revolution, & a Civil
War
–27 million Russians were killed
as a result of these wars
–Russia’s economy was broke
1919-1939
 Between
WWI & WWII, the
European countries that fought in
the Great War were in debt &
were slowly able to rebuild
 The USA & Japan emerged from
the Great War with wealth &
prosperity because both had
traded with Allies during war
 In USA, the 1920s were a great
time
1919-1939
 New
innovations were made in
psychology, physics, art, and
transportation:
–Sigmund Freud created new
ideas in psychology; believed
that human mind had conscious
& subconscious thoughts that
affect peoples’ behavior &
mental illness
Sigmund
Freud
1919-1939
 Albert
Einstein created new ideas
in physics (many disproved
Newton’s ideas); believed light
traveled at constant speed;
believed space & time were not
constant, but moved relative to
other objects (Theory of
Relativity); believed all matter
could be transferred to energy
(E=mc2)
1919-1939
 Pablo
Picasso revolutionized art
by creating cubism (abstract
form of art using geometric
shapes)
 Salvador Dali utilized surrealism
in art (using of dream-like
images & unnatural objects);
based on Freud’s ideas
Pablo Picasso
Salvador Dali
1919-1939
 Other
technological innovations
changed human life:
–Cars became easy to buy &
became a common purchase;
paved highways built to connect
places
–First commercial air travel
–Radio allowed people to hear
news & entertainment
Economic Depression
 In
1929, the US Stock Market crashed
–investors were buying on margin
(pay for only part of a stock),
lenders called in loans which led to
panic; banks collapsed; workers lost
jobs (Great Depression in US)
 No money for investment in Europe;
European banks collapsed; led to
world-wide economic depression
Affects of Conditions
 Bad
conditions led to rise of
totalitarian regimes in Europe:
–Fascists in Italy under Mussolini
–Nazis in Germany
under Hitler
–Communists
in Russia under
Lenin & Stalin