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Chapter 15
Chemical Compounds
Chemical Compounds Introduction
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In Chapter 14, we learned how to balance
chemical reaction containing elements and
chemical compounds.
In Chapter 15, we will learn about the
structure and properties of ionic and covalent
compounds as well as the properties of acids
and bases.
Acids and bases are found in things that we
encounter everyday.
Chemical Compounds Introduction
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1) What is a chemical compound?
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2) What is an ionic compound?
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3) What is a covalent compound?
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4) How does bonding occur in atoms?
Chemical Compounds Introduction
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5) What is an acid?
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6) What is a base?
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7) What is a substance with a high acid
content?
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8) What is a substance with a high base
content?
Section 1: Objectives
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1) Describe the properties of ionic and
covalent compounds.
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2) Classify compounds as ionic or covalent
based on their properties.
Ionic and Covalent Compounds
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When ions or molecules combine, they form
compounds.
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A chemical bond is the combining of 2
atoms to form molecules or compounds.
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Bonding can occur between valence
electrons of different atoms.
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This is how chemical bonds are made.
Ionic and Covalent Compounds
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An ionic bond is an attraction between
oppositely charged ions.
Compounds that contain ionic bonds are
called ionic compounds.
Ionic compounds are:
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Brittle
Have a high melting point
Soluble
Ionic and Covalent Compounds
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Brittleness is a property that most ionic
compounds share.
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Ionic compounds tend to be brittle solids at
room temperature.
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They usually break apart when hit.
Ionic and Covalent Compounds
Ionic and Covalent Compounds
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High melting points is another property that
ionic compounds share.
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Ionic compounds have a high melting point
because of the strong ionic bonds that hold
ions together.
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In other words, it takes a lot of heat/energy to
break an ionic bond.
Ionic and Covalent Compounds
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Ionic compounds are highly soluble.
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They dissolve easily in water.
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They are good conductors of electricity
because the particles left are charged.
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Ionic compounds are highly soluble and very
ductile.
Ionic and Covalent Compounds
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Covalent compounds are compounds that
form when a group of atoms shares
electrons.
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This sharing of atoms forms a covalent bond.
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Covalent bonds are weaker than ionic bonds.
Ionic and Covalent Compounds
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Covalent Bond Properties:
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Low Solubility
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Low Melting Points
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Not good conductors of electric current
Chapter 15 Section 1: Pop Quiz
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1) What must happen before compounds can
form?
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2) What is an ionic bond?
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3) Give 3 properties of ionic compounds.
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4) What is required before an ionic compound
can break?
Chapter 15 Section 1: Pop Quiz
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5) T/F Covalent bonds are stronger than ionic
bonds.
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6) List 3 properties of covalent bonds.
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7) Ionic compounds are ________ ________
and very _________.
Section 2: Objectives
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Describe 4 properties of acids.
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Identify 4 uses of acids.
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Describe 4 properties of bases.
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Identify 4 uses of bases.
Acids and Bases
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Acid: any compound that increases the
number of hydronium ions when dissolved in
water
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Hydronium ion: H30+
Acids and Bases
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There are 4 properties of acids:
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Sour flavor
Change color in indicators
React with metals
Conduct electricity
Indicator: compound that can reversibly change
color depending on pH conditions
Acids and Bases
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These are some uses of acids:
Sulfuric acid is used to make products such
as paper, paint, detergents, and fertilizers.
Hydrochloric acid is used to make cleaner for
swimming pool liners.
Citric acid and ascorbic acid are found in
orange juice.
Acids and Bases
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Base: any compound that increases the
number of hydroxide ions when dissolved in
water
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Hydroxide ion: OH-
Acids and Bases
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There are 4 properties of bases:
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Bitter flavor
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Change color in indicators
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Conduct electricity
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Slippery feel
Acids and Bases
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These are some uses of bases:
Sodium hydroxide is a base used to make
soap and paper.
Calcium hydroxide is used to make cement
and plaster.
Ammonia is found in many household
cleaners.