Download Islam

ISLAM
TERMINOLOGY:
•The religion is called ISLAM.
•Islam means: Submission to the Will of God.
A contraction of “I” and “salaam” means
entering into a condition of peace and security
with God as a result of submission to Him.
•It also comes from the same root as “shalom”
(Hebrew for Peace)
2
Muslim
 The people are MUSLIMS.
 A Muslim is one who submits to God.
Myth #1:
Most Muslims are Arabs
who live in the Middle
East.
3
Reality:
Of more than 1 billion
Muslims worldwide, only
about 1/5 are Arabs.
4
Aim: How does Islam influence the life of its believers?
Do Now: Matching
TRY TO GUESS:
Which country has more
Muslims than any other
country in the world?
5
ANSWER:
Indonesia - with over 200 million
Muslims.
Note: The U.S. has about 5 million
Muslims.
6
http://www.skidmore.edu/academics/arthistory/ah369/islam_map.jpg
7
Myth #2:
Muslims have a
strange religion and
worship a god called
Allah.
8
Reality:
Muslims are monotheistic
and worship the same one
God as Christians and Jews.
Allah’ is the Arabic word
for God.
9
MYTH #3:
Muslims believe it is o.k. to
kill civilians in a holy war
(“jihad”).
11
REALITY:
Only Muslim extremists
believe this. (Just like
most Christians do NOT
believe in bombing or
killing.)
12
What is Jihad? Jihad is…
“Striving in the way of faith” is a lawful
obligation to defend the Islamic faith. It is
often called the “Sixth Pillar”, but has been
much misunderstood in the West as holy war.
Jihad is interpreted in two major ways: as active
defense against aggressors (lesser) and as the
greater jihad, the continual efforts one makes
to purify his/her life and character. If active
jihad, its conditions are strictly regulated in
the Quran.
ORIGINS:
* Mohammed spoke to Angel Gabriel and became a prophet
and recorded Gabriel’s messages in the KORAN.
* As Mohammed taught in Mecca, few listened to him and he
fled Mecca in 622 A.D. for Medina. This is known as the HEGIRA
and it is the beginning of the Muslim calendar.
* Mohammed returned to Mecca in 630 A.D. as a military,
political & religious leader.
Mohammad The Prophet










Born 570 AD in Mecca – Died June
8, 632 Medina
Central figure of Islam
Messenger and prophet of God
Greatest law bearer of all prophets
Brought up by his uncle
Married at age 25 and worked as a
merchant
Unhappy with life in Mecca, he
went to a cave in the mountains
for meditation.
Muslims believe that age 40 in the
month of Ramadan, that he
received his first revelation from
God.
Preaching begins
Unites the tribes, who then
conquered Mecca.
IRAQ
SAUDI
ARABIA
IRAN
AFRICA
MUHAMMED’S BIRTHPLACE:
MECCA
MOSQUE IN MECCA
*NOTES*
FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM
WHAT IS A PILLAR???
1. There is no
god but
ALLAH who
spoke
through the
prophet
Mohammed
2. Pray
five times
a day
IMPORTANT BELIEFS & VALUES
3. Give to
the poor
4. Fast
during the
holy month
of
Ramadan
5. Visit
Mecca at
least one
in your
lifetime
(HAJJ)
MUSLIMS DO NOT GAMBLE, DRINK ALCOHOL OR EAT PORK
FAITH:
Belief in one God and that
Muhammad is His prophet.
23
PRAYER:
5 times a day – facing Mecca
http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/galleries/salah/images/5.jpg
24
ALMS
Giving money to the poor is
REQUIRED, not optional!
25
Fasting
 During the month of Ramadan (9th month), Muslims
cannot eat or drink anything during the daylight hours.
Fasting is intended to teach Muslims about patience,
humility, and spirituality. It is a time for Muslims to fast
for the sake of God (Arabic: ‫ هللا‬,trans: Allah) and to offer
more prayer than usual. During Ramadan, Muslims ask
forgiveness for past sins, pray for guidance and help in
refraining from everyday evils, and try to purify
themselves through self-restraint and good deeds.
26
PILGRIMAGE
Once in their lives – IF they can
afford it, Muslims make a
pilgrimage to Mecca
27
VISITING MECCA TODAY
In Mecca during the
pilgrimage
www.thefaithclub.com
28
Teachings from the Prophet
 According to Abu Daud these four Sayings of The
Prophet contain the summary of Islamic law.
 Actions will be judged according to intentions.
 The proof of a Muslim's sincerity is that he
payeth no heed to that which is not his business.
 No man is a true believer unless he desires for his
brother that which he desires for himself.
 That which is lawful is clear, and that which is
unlawful likewise, but there are certain doubtful
things between the two from which it is well to
abstain.
VOCABULARY:
MOSQUE: a Muslim place of worship or of
prayer--- literally a prayer hall or a place of
prostration for salat is prescribed and
obligatory prayer, five times daily. It is
performed on Fridays at a local mosque.
29
Mosque
 The first mosque was adjacent to the Prophet’s
home in Medina and established the patterns for
later ones. Mosques usually have one or more
minarets, tall towers from which the call to
prayer is given and within, a niche or mihrab,
which designates the direction of the Ka’aba. The
Ka’aba is the holy temple of Islam situated at
Mecca. Ka’aba is literally a nearly square building
of basalt blocks that serves as the site of Muslim
pilgrimage. It is also the focus of daily prayer.
Mosque
 Worshippers also receive instruction from the
pulpit. Mosques may not be adorned with any
representational images, but may be
decorated with calligraphic inscriptions of the
Quran in Arabic.
Ka’aba
 It was established by the prophet Abraham
and his son Ishmael when they journeyed to
Arabia, following the banishment of Hagar
and Ishmael from Canaan by Sarah. Then
taken over by the Arabian tribes and they had
set up the worshipping of many gods. It was
cleansed of its idols and once again,
rededicated to the worship of One God. It is
only entered during the yearly pilgrimage.
Mosque in Medina, Saudi
Arabia
http://islamicbooks.info/H-21-Madh'habs
30
Mohammed Ali mosque, Cairo,
Egypt
http://www.solarnavigator.net/geography/egypt.htm
31
Inside the Mohammed Ali
Mosque
http://www.ask-aladdin.com
32
Dome of the Mohammed Ali
mosque
http://www.ask-aladdin.com
33
Blue Mosque (Sultan Ahmet
Mosque), Istanbul Turkey
http://cs.ua.edu/~greg/personal.html
34
Dome of a mosque, Esfahan,
Iran
http://www.perceptivetravel.com/issues/1106/maclean.html
36
Interior of a mosque in Iran
http://www.worldisround.com/articles/73022/photo621.html
37
Mosque in Tempe, Arizona
http://www.4uth.gov.ua/usa/english/society/muslimlife/mosques.htm
43
VOCABULARY:
QURAN (or KORAN):
Muslim holy book
44
Qur’an
The Muslim holy book, understood as revelation of
God to Muhammad through the Angel Gabriel.
Muhammad is not given direct credit for the
contents of the Book since he was an illiterate
caravan trader.
The Quran is revealed successively over twenty
three years of the prophet’s ministry. The
revelation began with the phrase, “Recite, recite,
recite (or cry) in the name of thy Lord, the
Beneficent, the Merciful, who created man from
clots of blood.
Quran
It is also called the “recitation” since it was
common at the time to recite verses.
The Quran was complied by Muhammad’s
scribe, Zayd Ibn Thabit, shortly after the
prophet’s death and consists of 114 surahs or
sections revealed in Mecca and Medina.
The Quran
http://www.minhajsisters.com/home/articles/index.minhaj?id=8
45
Shariah
Muslim law, understood as derived intially from
the Quran and illuminated by the Hadith,
Sunnah and by scholarly interpretation and
practice. Shariah is the systematic
organization of Muslim law interpreted by
four schools of interpretation and their
extentions into the conditions of modern life
practice.
Sunni
 One of the two major branches of Islam
following the principal of an elected caliph or
leader of the Muslim community following
the death of the Prophet Muhammad. The
guidance of the Caliphate began with Abu
Bakr’, then Umar, Uthman, and Ali. These
four are know as the rightly-guided caiphs.
After Ali’s assassination, the two groups split.
Shiah Islam
The minority branch of Islam that follows the
principles of hereditary succession from the
death of the Prophet. Shiites believe
Muhammad’s son in law, Ali, was the rightful
successor, followed by his sons Hasan and
Husayn.
Sunni comprise about 85% of all Muslims and
the Shiites about 15%.
Conclusions:
 Islam is an important religion, which shares
many beliefs and practices with Christianity
and Judaism.
 Muslims live in many different countries.
Islam is especially widespread in Africa, Asia,
and southeastern Europe (the Balkans).
 Islam has had a great impact on world art and
culture.
50