Download Presentación de PowerPoint

MAO ZEDONG (CHAIRMAN MAO)
He established the political
and economic structure
that has remained in China
until today.
He ruled China from 1949
until his death in 1976,
becoming its longestserving leader.
He consolidated his control
of China after the Chinese
Civil war. (1946 – 1949)
- One pamphlet on “The dismemberment of
China” was to have a strong influence on Mao.
- China was undergoing intense pressure internally
and externally.
http://secondchina.com/Learning_Modules/POL/content/POL_boxer_rebellion.html
- Externally , following the Meiji Restoration of
1868. Japan was emerging as the dominant Asian
power. This was evident after the first SinoJapanese war (1894-95), and the Russo-Japanese
war (1904-05).
- Internally, China was facing pressure for change,
but the aristocracy was reluctant to change the
feudal structure of the Chinese society.
- Qing Dynasty was overthrown by the Double Ten
Revolution (10/10/1911), led by Sun Yixian.
- San min zhuyi or “Three people’s principles”
(nationalism, democracy, people’s livelihood), this
became the political ideology of the Guomindang
or Nationalist Party which was created in 1912.
- Sun was overthrown in 1913 by Yuan Shikai (one
of his generals) and was forced into exile.
- Yuan Shikai died in 1916 and China lapsed into a
period of anarchy dominated by its warlords.
- The period between 1916 and 1927 is known as
the “Warlord Era”
- Independent warlords undermined any attempts at
centralization.
- This situation allowed other nations, such Japan, to
reassert their attempts to make China a Japanese
protectorate.
- Mao was to encounter this problem at first hand in
Hunan when he came into conflict with Zhang Jingyao,
its military governor.
- Mao’s major influences:
- Anaggresive and expansionist Japanese foreign policy.
- A ruling elite that ignored the needs of the rural villages.
- The perception that Western powers were attempting to
exploit China.
- The issue of regionalism.
- Mao’s political activities coincided with the Paris Peace
Conference (1919).
- The major Western powers had agreed to Japan’s claims
to Shandong.
- China had entered WWI with the expectation that after
the war the province would revert back to China.
- Thousands of students protested on May, 4th 1919
against the Treaty of Versailles and denouncing the
“Twenty-one demands”. http://www.firstworldwar.com/source/21demands.htm
- The May, 4th movement was the paving way for the
emergence of the CPC, which was established in
Shanghai in 1921 (another branch of the party was
established in Beijing).
- Sun Yixian returned to China from exile and established a
government at Guanzhou, led by the GMD.
- Larges areas of China were still under the control of the
warlords.
- There were clear differences (ideologically) between CPC
and GMD, a marriage for convenience took place, a
political party with strong national support and the
backing of military force would be needed if the warlords
were to be defeated.
- The CPC, with Russian Comintern support, was
encouraged to form an alliance. This First United Front
was proclaimed in 1924.