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Structure of the Cardiovascular System Anatomy and Physiology Learning Outcomes • Be able to label the heart • Be able to locate the heart valves • Understand the different blood vessels Match the number to the correct label Aorta Superior vena cava Pulmonary vein x2 Left atrium Right ventricle Pulmonary artery Left ventricle Right atrium Inferior vena cava TASK - in paragraph format, describe the sequence of blood flow for both sides of the heart Arrives from the body and finishes at the lungs Arrives from the lungs and finishes at the muscles Pulmonary and Systemic Circulation • The pulmonary circulation – the flow of blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs and then back to the left side of the heart. (Lower pressure) • The systemic circulation – the flow of blood from the left side of the heart to all parts of the body. (Higher pressure) The Heart • Located in the chest, slightly to the left • A pump to maintain circulation • Two halves - Right, deoxygenated blood - Left, oxygenated blood • Four chambers - 2 upper collecting chambers – atria - 2 lower pumping chambers – ventricles • Valves ensure the flow is one way • Coronary arteries supply the heart muscle with oxygenated blood https://youtu.be/qmpd82mpVO4 Arteries • Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart supplying vital organs and tissues* - Remember ‘A’ = ‘A’way • Thicker, muscular wall to allow blood to be shunted around the body • Dealing with blood under high pressure * except for the pulmonary artery - transports deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs Arterioles • An arteriole is a small diameter blood vessel in the microcirculation that extends and branches out from an artery and leads to capillaries Veins • Veins carry deoxygenated blood back towards the heart* • Valves to assist blood flow back to the heart and prevent back flow • Thin muscular wall * except for the pulmonary vein – transports oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart Venules • A venule is a very small blood vessel in the microcirculation that allows blood to return from the capillary beds to drain into the larger blood vessels, the veins Capillaries • Arteries become smaller to form arterioles which link to capillaries • Capillaries are one cell thick to allow gaseous exchange • From the capillaries venules take blood into the veins, into the Vena Cavae Heart Valves – Location and function? Valves • The tricuspid valve, or right atrioventricular valve, is between the right atrium and the right ventricle. The function of the valve is to prevent back flow of blood into the right atrium • The aortic valve is a valve between the left ventricle and the aorta • The bicuspid valve is situated between the left atrium and the left ventricle. It permits blood to flow one way only, from the left atrium into the left ventricle This valve is more commonly called the mitral valve • The pulmonary valve is the semilunar valve of the heart that lies between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery and has three cusps