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American Foreign Policy
How we deal with other nations
Treaties
• Jay’s Treaty - British agreed to leave the
Ohio River Valley, stop seizing US ships,
and allow the US to trade in the West Indies
• Pinckney’s Treaty - Spain agreed to give
Americans Right of Deposit in New Orleans
and let them have access to the mouth of the
Mississippi.
The
Affair
• Problem: Relations with France are poor and
Adams has to protect American interests
• Adams sent three US officials to meet with
the French Foreign Minister, Talleyrand,
who tried to solicit a loan of 12 million and
a tribute of $250,000 to Talleyrand
• The angry congress canceled all treaties with
France and prepared for War
• Fighting, though unofficial, broke out on the
seas
• Adams broke with the Federalists and favored
peace negotiations
• In 1799 Napoleon Bonaparte came to power and
stopped attacking US ships
Jefferson Relies on the Navy
and Marines
• In 1801 Jefferson sent a US
naval fleet to fight the
pirates of the Barbary
Coast because they were
demanding a bigger tribute
• In 1805 he achieved peace
at half the cost of paying
protection fees
The War of 1812
The second war for American Independence
In 1803 France and England went to war yet
again and both sides seized US merchant
ships
England was impressing the American
sailors that they captured
Jefferson and Madison tackle the
issue
He supports the Embargo Act and
had the US stop trading with all
foreign countries
He closed his ports to all foreign
ships
This did not work so in 1809
congress passed the NonIntercourse act, allowing trade with
all countries but Britain and France
Madison takes the US into war
England was involved in a war with France. They
had to settle that war before they could concentrate
on the US.
Phase one
Defend Canada
Wage small attacks
on the frontiers
Set up blockade
Phase two
Britain defeated France
and turned their attention to
the US
They committed troops
and money to a full attack
• The British attacked and
burned Washington D.C.
• But they could not take
Ft. McHenry This battle
inspired Francis Scott
Key to write the poem,
The Star Spangled
Banner
The British Downfall
They could not cut the
country in half at the
Hudson River Valley
Superior US Navy
Jackson secured
victory by winning at
New Orleans
• Oops, the war has been over for two
weeks
Outcomes
England agreed to return to prewar conditions and nothing was
settled
The arguments for state’s rights
that originated in New England
disintegrated and the Federalist
party lost its support and withered
away
US Foreign Policy continues to change!
The Adams-Onis Treaty
• Jackson attacked several
Spanish Forts in Florida
• Spain was preoccupied in
Central and South
America and rather than
lose Florida, agreed to
sell it to the US for five
million dollars
1819
The Monroe Doctrine
•The US would not
interfere in European
affairs or their colonies
already present in the
Americas
•Europe was not to recolonize or create new
colonies in the Americas
1823