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Name Class CHAPTER 6 S ECTION READING CHECK Which event set Americans against France? VOCABULARY STRATEGY Find the word unify in the underlined sentence. What do you think it means? What do you think Washington’s goal was during this time? Circle any words or phrases in the paragraph that help you figure out what unify means. READING SKILL Identify Supporting Details How did the election of 1800 lead to a constitutional amendment? 2 Date Section Summary THE STRUGGLE OVER FOREIGN POLICY As President, Washington helped unify the country during the difficult times of the early 1790s. In 1791, British guns helped Native Americans, led by war chief Little Turtle, crush an American force. Britain hoped to limit American settlement. But in 1794, federal troops defeated the Miami Confederacy at the Battle of Fallen Timbers. The Treaty of Greenville gave most of present-day Ohio to the United States. In 1793, leaders of the French Revolution declared war on the monarchies of Europe. As a result, Britain and France were at war. President Washington issued a proclamation of American neutrality. The British navy tested that neutrality by seizing American ships in the West Indies. Washington sent Chief Justice John Jay to negotiate a treaty with the British. The United States also signed a treaty with Spain. Spain controlled the Mississippi River and New Orleans. The treaty gave Americans shipping rights and access to New Orleans. In 1796, the French began seizing U.S. ships. President Adams sent envoys to Paris. But three French officials, known as X, Y, and Z, demanded humiliating terms. The XYZ Affair set Americans against France. Arguing that criticism undermined trust in the government, the Federalists passed the Alien and Sedition Acts. Virginia and Kentucky, Democratic Republican states, passed the Virginia and Kentucky resolutions. They said the Sedition Act was unconstitutional. In 1800, Adams lost the presidential election. Jefferson and his running mate, Aaron Burr, received the same number of electoral votes. The voters had meant for Jefferson to become President and Burr to become Vice President. However, the Constitution did not allow separate votes for each office. The House of Representatives decided that Jefferson would become President. In 1804, the Constitution was amended to require electors to vote separately for President and Vice President. Review Questions 1. Why did the British supply guns to Native Americans in 1791? 2. How did the treaty with Spain benefit the United States? © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. 46