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Weather and Climate; Temperature and Heat Earth and Space Science Weather • The state of the atmosphere at a given time and place. The 11 Weather Variables • Air temperature: degrees Fahrenheit or Celsius. • Dewpoint temperature: degrees Fahrenheit or Celsius. The closer this temperature is to the actual air temperature the less dry the air feels. • Relative humidity: a % between 0 and 100. The 11 Weather Variables • Cloudiness: partly cloudy, mostly cloudy, overcast, broken, scattered, etc. • Precipitation: Rain, snow, sleet, hail, freezing rain, showers, drizzle, ice pellets, etc. Measured in inches. 10 inches of snow usually melts down to 1 inch of liquid. More on the 11 Variables •Air Pressure: Usually measured in millibars (mb). Average pressure = 1013.2 mb. Low pressures ~ 950 mb to 1005mb. High pressures ~ 1015mb to 1040 mb. Under a low pressure area, air is rising and as a result, the surface has less air molecules than before. Under a high pressure area, air is sinking towards the surface and piles up before spreading out. More on the 11 Variables •Wind speed: Created due to a difference in air pressure. Usually measured in miles per hour. Most wind speeds range from calm to 20 mph. Windiest in between a high and low. •Visibility: how far you can see. Ranges between 0 and 10 miles. Less in fog and on days when there is precipitation. More on days when you can see the Sun. More on the 11 Variables • Wind direction: The direction the wind is coming from. This can be N, S, E, W, NE, NW, SE, SW, ENE, SSW, NNW, NNE, etc. • Wind chill: A combination of air temperature and winds speed in order to show what the temperature feels like. More on the 11 Variables • UV index: an index that ranges from 0 to 10. 10 means your skin may burn very fast due to ultraviolet radiation from the Sun. 0 indicates a low risk of sunburn. The 11 Weather Variables • • • • • • • • • • • Air temperature Dewpoint temperature Relative humidity Cloudiness Precipitation Visibility Air pressure Wind speed Wind direction Wind chill UV index --click here or click here --click here --click here --click here --click here --click here --click here --click here --click here --click here --click here or click here Abington JR HI Weather • http://www.instaweather.com/WCAU/defau lt.asp?cid=90&id=ABGTN&obs=full Climate • Weather conditions at some locality averaged over a specified period of time. (example: the average high temperature for July is 78 degrees Fahrenheit.) Climate • Departures from long term averages. (example: over the past year we are 4.3 inches above normal for our precipitation.) • Weather extremes. (the lowest temperature ever recorded in the state of Pennsylvania is -42 degrees Fahrenheit.) Temperature and Heat Hey….what is the difference between temperature and heat? Temperature and Heat • Heat: the amount of kinetic energy in a system. Energy in the atmosphere moves in 3 ways. Radiation (from the Sun to Earth), conduction (by touching something), and convection (air masses moving around such as opening a window in the winter and making your house cooler.) • Temperature: measurement of the average kinetic energy (molecules in motion)in a system. Measured in degrees. Did You Know… • There is no such thing as cold, only an absence of heat. • There is no such things as darkness, only an absence of light. • There is no such thing as evil, only an absence of good.