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Properties of Matter
Chapter 16
Properties
 Extensive = Characteristic of matter in
which the amount of the material affects the
property
 Intensive = Characteristic of matter in
which the amount of the material does not
affect the property
List examples of extensive and
intensive properties
Measuring Matter
Measurement
Unit
instrument
Length
Meter (m)
Meter stick,
ruler, odometer
Volume
Liter (l) or cubic
meter cm3
Gram (g) or
kilogram (kg)
Celsius (C0) or
Kelvin (K)
g/cm3 or g/ml
Ruler or graduated
cylinder
Mass
Temperature
density
Scale or balance
Thermometer
Balance and ruler
or graduated
cylinder
Classifying Matter: matter can be
classified into two main types
 Mixture
 Pure Substances
 contains more than
 is matter that cannot
one kind of matter that
can be separated by
physical means
be separated by
physical means
sugar
Trail mix
Two Types of substances
 Elements
 Compounds
 has one kind type of
 a substance that
atom
 examples:
 helium (He)
 carbon (C)
 hydrogen (H)
 oxygen (O)
contains more than one
type of atom
 examples:
 H2O (pure water)
 NaCl (sodium chloride)
Matter
 Examples of elements:
mercury
gold
aluminum
iodine
Examples of pure substances that are
compounds
NaCl = table salt
Water =H2O
Sugar = C6H12O6
Basic units of substances are
always in motion
 Atom
 is the smallest possible particle of an
element
 Molecule
 is the smallest particle of the compound that
retains the properties of the compound
Types of mixtures
 Heterogeneous
 Homogeneous
mixture
 the composition is not
uniform (different)
 examples:
 chicken noodle soup
 mixed nuts
 soil
Mixture
 The composition is
uniform (same)
 examples:
 salt water
 tap water
 brass
What type of mixture is it?
homogeneous
heterogeneous
Salt water
Solutions, Suspensions, and Colloids
 It isn’t always easy to tell the difference
between a homogeneous or heterogeneous
mixture.
 Based on the size of its largest particles, a
mixture can be classified as a solution, a
suspension, or a colloid.
Solutions
 When substances dissolve and form a
homogeneous mixture, the mixture that
forms is called a solution.
All mixtures can be separated.
 Methods to separate mixtures
 1. Sorting
 2. Filtering
 3. Heating
 4. Cooling
 5. distillation
Matter
Substances
mixtures
Heterogeneous
mixture
Homogeneous mixture
Compounds
elements
Two types of Properties of Matter
 1. A physical
property is any
characteristic of a
material that can be
observed or
measured without
changing the
composition of the
substance in the
material.
 A chemical
property can be
observed only when
the substances in a
sample of matter
are changing into
different
substances.
Physical Properties
Viscosity= Resistance of a liquid to
flowing
High viscosity
Physical Properties of matter
 Conductivity = the ability of matter to
transfer heat or electricity
Physical Properties
 Malleability is the
ability of a solid to
be hammered
without shattering.
 Hardness is used to compare two
materials. If a material can scratch
another then it is harder.
diamond
Physical Properties
 Melting point is the temperature at which a
substance changes from a solid to a liquid
(Water in the form of ice melts at 00C)
 Boiling Point is the temperature at which a
substance boils. (water boils at 1000C)
Physical Properties of Matter
 Density is the ratio of the mass to volume of
a substance.

Chemical Properties
 A chemical property is any ability to
produce a change in the composition of
matter.
 Chemical properties can be observed only
when the substance in a sample of matter
are changing into different substances.
Observing Chemical Properties
 Flammability is a material’s ability to burn
in the presence of oxygen.
Observing chemical properties
 The property that describes how readily a
substance combines chemically with other
substances is reactivity.
 Examples:
 Rusting
 Chemical reaction
Indentifying Chemical Change
 Common types of evidence for a chemical
change are
 1. color
 2. production of gas
 3. formation of a precipitate
 4. Thermal energy change
Identifying a chemical change
States of Matter
 Solid
 has a definite shape and definite volume
 molecules vibrate slow but cannot switch
places with other molecules
States of Matter
 Liquid
 has a definite volume but no definite shape
 Molecules move faster and slip out of
position
States of Matter
 Gas
 has no definite shape or volume
 molecules move so fast that they bounce out
of the liquid state and become a gas.
Temperature= the average energy of the
molecules
Changing States of Matter
 Melting point
 Boiling point
 temperature at which it
 temperature at which it
changed from solid to
liquid
changes from a liquid
to a gas
Changing state of matter
 Evaporation
 Condensation
 fast-moving molecules
 molecules in a gas
in a liquid can escape
to become a gas
 cooling because it take
the energy (heat) away
from the substance
slow down and change
into a liquid
Changes in State of Matter
 Sublimation
 when a solid changes directly from a solid
to a gas