Download The Growth of the European Kingdoms

The Growth of the European
Kingdoms
High Middle Ages
1000 – 1300 C.E.
Kings begin to extend power over lords
– Used marriage and economic influence to
gain more control
Begin establishment of the European
states
England in the High Middle Ages
October 14, 1066
– William of Normandy defeats Anglo-Saxon
(King Harold)
– William crowned King of England
– William was also a vassal to the King of France
– Created a centralized government loyal to the
new king
Normans were French
– Norman knights given fiefs of land in England
– Anglo-Saxon nobility lost land
Normans mixed with Anglo-Saxon to
create the English language
Battle of Hastings
England
Henry II (1154 - 1189)
– Strengthened the royal
courts, created a body of
common law
– Disagreement with
Catholic Church
Thomas a Becket
(archbishop of Canterbury)
killed by 4 of Henry’s knights
– English nobles fear the
king had gained too much
power
Magna Carta
King John
Runnymede in 1215 – forced to sign a
contract that outlined feudal laws
– Actually strengthened nobility, not common
people
Outlined obligations of both the king and
nobles
Showed that the monarch’s power was
limited
Magna Carta
Edward I
English Parliament – in
1295 Edward invites
knights and residents from
counties and towns to meet
with his council
House of Lords – nobles
and church lords
House of Commons –
knights and townspeople
Parliament slowly gains
power
French Kingdom
843 – Carolingian Empire splits into three parts
987 – Hugh Capet creates the Capetian dynasty in the
area around Paris (French Royal Domain)
King Philip II Augustus (1180 – 1223)
– Fought England for territories of Normandy, Maine, Anjou, and
Aquitaine
– Expanded economic and political power in France
Philip IV the Fair (1285 – 1314)
– Created French parliament
– 3 estates
1st Estate – clergy
2nd Estate – nobles
3rd Estate - townspeople