Download greeks retained local self

HELLENISTIC AGE
I. SETTING
A. INTRODUCTION
1. CONDITION OF GREECE
a. SEVERELY WEAKENED
GREEK CITY STATES
b. DECLINE OF MILITARY &
ECONOMIC POWER
…INTRO
2. PHILIP’S GOALS
a. TAKE CONTROL OF
GREECE
b. CONQUER PERSIAN
EMPIRE
II. MACEDONIAN
POWER
A. MACEDONIAN CULTURE
1. GEOGRAPHY
a.) ROUGH TERRAIN
(MOUNTAINOUS)
b.) COLD CLIMATE
…POWER
2. CULTURE
a.) SMALL MOUNTAIN
VILLAGES
b.) SPOKE FORM OF
GREEK
…POWER
B. PHILIP’S ARMY
1.) CREATED
PROFESSIONAL ARMY
2.) USED PHALANX &
CAVALRY
…POWER
C. CONQUEST OF GREECE
1. DEFEAT
a.) GREEKS FORMED
ALLIANCE TO LATE
b.) DEFEATED @
CHAERONEA
…POWER
c.) ENDED GREEK
INDEPENDENCE
d.) GREEKS RETAINED
LOCAL SELFGOVERNMENT
…POWER
2. PHILIP’S DEATH
a.) ASSASSINATED AT
WEDDING
b.) ALEXANDER BECAME
KING
II. ALEXANDER DEFEATS
PERSIA
A. INTRODUCTION
1. KING AT 20
2. TAUGHT BY ARISTOTLE
…DEFEAT
3. REBELLION
a.) DESTROYED THEBES
AFTER REBELLION
b.) SOLD CAPTIVES INTO
SLAVERY
c.) ENDED GREEK
REBELLION
B. INVASION OF
PERSIA
1. GRANICUS
a.) CROSSED HELLESPONT
(DARDANELLES) WITH
35,000
b.) VICTORY USING
CAVALRY
…INVASION
2. ISSUS
a.) BROKE THROUGH
LINES
b.) ATTEMPTED TO
CAPTURE DARIUS III
c.) PERSIANS FLED
C. CONQUERING
PERSIA
1. EGYPT
a. PERSIANS OFFERED
TREATY
b. ALEXANDER REFUSED /
MARCHED ON EGYPT
…CONQUERING
c. BECAME PHARAOH
d. BUILT CITY OF
ALEXANDRIA
…CONQUERING
2. MESOPOTAMIA
a. DEFEATED PERSIAN
ARMY AT GAUGAMELA
b. CAPTURED CITIES OF
BABYLON, SUSA, &
PERSEPOLIS (CAPITALS)
…CONQUERING
c. DISTRIBUTED WEALTH
AMONG ARMY
d. PERSIAN CAPITOL
DESTROYED
III. OTHER
CONQUESTS
A. INTRODUCTION
1. PURSUED DARIUS III
(FOUND MURDERED)
2. CONQUERED CENTRAL
ASIA IN 3 YEARS
B. ALEXANDER IN
INDIA
1. ENTERED THE INDUS
VALLEY
2. FOUGHT & DEFEATED
INDIAN ARMY
3. TROOPS WANTED TO
RETURN HOME
…INDIA
4. EMPIRE EXTENDED
FROM THE BALKAN
PENINSULA TO THE
INDUS RIVER
VALLEY
…INDIA
5. UNIFYING THE EMPIRE
a.) PLANNED TO BUILD
CITIES, ROADS, HARBORS
b.) DIED AT 33 (MALARIA)
C. ALEXANDER’S
LEGACY
1. DIVISION OF EMPIRE
a.) ANTIGONUS - KING OF
MACEDONIA & GREEK
CITY-STATES
…LEGACY
b.) PTOLEMY - PHARAOH OF
EGYPT
c.) SELEUCUS - MOST OF
THE OLD PERSIAN EMPIRE
…LEGACY
d.) ALEXANDER PROMOTES
CULTURAL DIFFUSION
(HELLENISTIC AGE)
1.) ENDED GREEK
INDEPENDENCE
…LEGACY
2.) ALEXANDER ADOPTED
PERSIAN DRESS &
CUSTOMS
3.) MARRIED PERSIAN
WOMEN
…LEGACY
4.) INCLUDED CONQUERED
PEOPLES IN GOVERNMENT &
ARMY
5.) HELLENISTIC CULTURE
EMERGED - MIX OF GREEK &
EASTERN (PERSIAN)
CULTURE
IV. SPREAD OF
HELLENISTIC CULTURE
A. SETTING
1. BUILT CITIES
2. BECAME GREEK
CULTURAL CENTERS
3. LINKED BY TRADE,
CULTURE & LANGUAGE
V. HELLENISTIC CULTURE
IN ALEXANDRIA
A. INTRODUCTION
1. HELLENISTIC - BLEND OF
GREEK, EGYPTIAN,
PERSIAN, & INDIAN
CULTURES (ORIENTAL)
…CULTURE
2. KOINE
a.) GREEK DIALECT
b.) ALLOWED FOR
COMMUNICATION
THROUGHOUT EMPIRE
B. TRADE & CULTURAL
DIVERSITY
1. ALEXANDRIA
a.) BECAME CENTER OF
HELLENISTIC COMMERCE
(TRADE) & CULTURE
b.) LOCATED ON NILE
DELTA
…DIVERSITY
c.) BECAME CENTER OF TRADE
(COMMERCE) FOR EMPIRE
d.) 1/2 MILLION PEOPLE OF
DIFFERENT CULTURES
e.) GREEKS FORMED UPPER
CLASS
…DIVERSITY
2. ATTRACTIONS
a.) ROADS & STATUES
b.) PHAROS - STONE LIGHT
HOUSE
…DIVERSITY
C. MUSEUM - TEMPLE TO THE MUSES
(GODDESS OF ART & SCIENCE
1.) ART GALLERY
2.) ZOO
3.) BOTANICAL GARDENS
4.) DINING HALL
5.) INSTITUTE OF ADVANCED
STUDY
…DIVERSITY
d.) LIBRARY
1.) 1/2 MILLION SCROLLS
2.) FIRST RESEARCH
LIBRARY
VI. SCIENCE &
TECHNOLOGY
A. ASTRONOMY
1. THREE CONCLUSIONS
a.) SUN LARGER THAN
EARTH
b.) EARTH REVOLVED
AROUND THE SUN
…ASTRONOMY
c.) ROUGHLY CALCULATED
CIRCUMFERENCE OF
EARTH (WITHIN 3000
MILES)
B. MATHEMATICS
1. EUCLID
a.) SCHOOL OF GEOMETRY
IN ALEXANDRIA
b.) WROTE “ELEMENTS”
…MATH
c.) USED AS FOUNDATION
FOR MODERN GEOMETRY
COURSES
…MATH
2. ARCHIMEDES
a.) ESTIMATED VALUE OF PI
b.) DEFENDED SYRACUSE
USING THE PRINCIPLES OF
THE OF THE LEVER & THE
COMPOUND PULLEY
…MATH
C. ARCHIMEDES SCREW
1.) DEVICE USED TO LIFT
WATER
COMPOUND
PULLEY
…MATH
3. PYTHAGORAS
a.) EXPLAINED
EVERYTHING IN
MATHEMATICAL TERMS
b.) EXPLORED NATURE OF
NUMBERS (ALGEBRA)
…MATH
C). RELATIONSHIP OF THE
SIDES OF A TRIANGLE
d.) WORLD WAS ROUND AND
REVOLVED AROUND A
FIXED POINT
VII. PHILOSOPHY &
ART
A. THREE
PHILOSOPHIES
1. CYNICISM
a.) FOCUSED ON ACHIEVING
PEACE OF MIND
1.) GIVE UP LUXURY
2.) LIVE IN ACCORD WITH
NATURE
3.) NOTHING TO EXCESS
…PHILOSOPHY
2. STOICISM
a.) LIFE WAS GOVERNED BY
NATURAL LAW
b.) LIVE IN HARMONY WITH
NATURE
c.) CONTROL DESIRE
THROUGH LOGIC & REASON
…PHILOSOPHY
3. EPICUREANISM
a.) UNIVERSE COMPOSED OF
ATOMS AND RULED BY GODS
b.) ONLY REAL OBJECTS
THOSE PERCEIVED BY
SENSES
…EPICUREANISM
c.) ACHIEVE HARMONY OF
BODY & MIND
d.) MODERATION IN ALL
THINGS (LIVE SIMPLE
LIFE)
B. REALISM IN
SCULPTURE
1. WEALTHY & CITY STATES
BOUGHT STATUES
2. MOVED FROM IDEALIZED
FORMS
2. BECAME MORE NATURAL,
REALISTIC, & EMOTIONAL
VIII. HISTORY
A. HERODOTUS
(FATHER OF HISTORY)
1. FIRST TO SEPARATE FACT
FROM FICTION
2. “WROTE “HISTORIA” (THE
HISTORIES)
a.) ABOUT PERSIAN WARS
b.) RESEARCHED IN BOTH
GREECE & PERSIA
…HERODOTUS
C.) ACCURATE & IMPARTIAL
d.) CHECKED RELIABILITY
OF SOURCES
…HERODOTUS
e.) OFFERED
SUPERNATURAL
EXPLANATION OF EVENTS
(GODS)
f.) WROTE ABOUT
INDIVIDUALS & CUSTOMS
B. THUCYDIDES
(HISTORY)
1. ABOUT PELOPONNESIAN
WARS
a.) OFFERED REASONS
FOR EVENTS
b.) REJECTED GODS AS
CAUSES
…THUCYDIDES
c.) ACCURATE & IMPARTIAL
AS POSSIBLE
d.) VISITED BATTLE SITES &
EXAMINED DOCUMENTS
e.) USED ONLY EYEWITNESS
ACCOUNTS
IX. MEDICINE
A. HIPPOCRATES
1. “FATHER OF MEDICINE”
a.) BELIEVED DISEASE
HAD NATURAL CAUSES
b.) BODY COULD HEAL
ITSELF
…HIPPOCRATES
c.) ADVOCATED PROPER
HYGIENE, DIET, & REST
d.) CODE OF CONDUCT FOR
DOCTORS “HIPPOCRATIC
OATH”
...OATH

the instruction. I will prescribe
regimen for the good of my
patients according to my ability
and my judgment and never do
harm to anyone. To please no
one will I prescribe a deadly
drug, nor give advice which may
cause his death.
Figure 1
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7.
MACEDONIA
TIGRIS & EUPHRATES
INDUS VALLEY
ALEXANDRIA
MEDITERRANEAN
AEGEAN SEA
BLACK SEA