Download Chapter 4 Identifications By Alex Diaz

Diaz, Alexander
p.1 A.P world History
4/20/09
CH.4 Key Terms
Cyrus- was King of Anshan from c. 600 to 580 BC or, according to others, from c. 652 to 600 BC. His
name in Modern Persian is ‫ک وروش‬, while in Greek he was called Κύρος.
Darius I- was a Zoroastrian Persian Shahanshah (Great King) of Persia. He reigned from September
522 to October 486 BC as the third Achaemenian King and called by some arguably "the greatest of the
Achaemenid kings".
Satrap- was the name given to the governors of the provinces of ancient Median and Persian empires,
including the Achaemenid Empire and in several of their heirs, such as the Sassanid Empire and the
Hellenistic empires.
Persepolis- was the ceremonial capital of the Persian Empire during the Achaemenid dynasty.
Persepolis is situated 70 km northeast of the modern city of Shiraz in the Fars Province of modern Iran.
Zoroastrianism- is the religion and philosophy based on the teachings ascribed to the prophet
Zoroaster, after whom the religion is named.
Polis- is a city, a city-state and also citizenship and body of citizens.
Hoplite- the hoplon was the rounded shield carried by Greek soldiers, thus 'hoplite' may approximate
to 'armoured man'.
Tyrant- carries modern connotations of a harsh and cruel ruler who places his or her own interests or
the interests of a small oligarchy over the best interests of the general population which the tyrant
governs or controls.
Democracy- is a form of government in which the power is held by citizens.
Sacrifice- is commonly known as the practice of offering food, objects (typically valuables), or the
lives of animals or people to the gods as an act of propitiation or worship.
Herodotus- was a Greek historian who lived in the 5th century BC (c. 484 BC–c. 425 BC) and is
regarded as the "Father of History" in Western culture.
Pericles- was a prominent and influential statesman, orator, and general of Athens during the city's
Golden Age—specifically, the time between the Persian and Peloponnesian wars.
Persian Wars- were a series of conflicts between several Greek city-states and the Persian Empire
that started in 499 BC and lasted until 448 BC.
Trireme- is a class of warships used by the ancient civilizations of the Mediterranean, especially the
Phoenicians, ancient Greeks and Romans.
Socrates- was a Classical Greek philosopher. Credited as one of the founders of Western philosophy,
he is an enigmatic figure known only through the classical accounts of his students.
Peloponnesian War- which lasted from 431-404BC, was an Ancient Greek military war, fought by
Athens and its empire against the Peloponnesian League, led by Sparta.
Alexander- also known as Alexander III of Macedon (Ἀλέξανδρος Γ' ὁ Μακεδών) was an ancient
Greek King (basileus) of Macedon (336–323 BC).
Hellenistic Age- describes the era which followed the conquests of Alexander the Great. During this
time, Greek cultural influence and power was at its zenith in Europe and Asia.
Ptolemies- was a Greek royal family which ruled the Ptolemaic Empire in Egypt during the Hellenistic
period. Their rule lasted for nearly 300 years, from 305 BC to 30 BC.
Alexandria- with a population of 4.1 million, is the second-largest city in Egypt, and is the country's
largest seaport, serving about 80% of Egypt's imports and exports.