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Reconstruction
Incl. Review of the Civil War
Photos from: http://www.civilwarphotos.net/
Lets start with looking back at
the civil war…
A. Look at these quote and tell me about the
difference in their expectations for the war:
B. “ We shall crush out this rebellion as an
elephant would trample on a mouse”
– words from one confident Union Supporter.
C. “Just throw three or four [bomb] shells among
those blue-bellied Yankees and they’ll scatter
like sheep”
– a prediction from a confederate in North Carolina.
Lincoln’s 1st inaugural Address
(Lincoln elected President 1860)
…Apprehension seems to exist among the people of the Southern
States that by the accession [rise] of a Republican Administration their
property and their peace and personal security are to be endangered …
I have no purpose, directly or indirectly, to interfere with the institution of
slavery in the States where it exists. I believe I have no lawful right to do
so, and I have no inclination to do so. …
It follows from these views that no State upon its own mere motion can
lawfully get out of the Union;… and that acts of violence within any State
or States against the authority of the United States are insurrectionary or
revolutionary,…
I. Causes for the Civil War
A. Economic Differences
1.
2.
North Industrial
South Agricultural
B. Societal Differences
1.
2.
North –Abolitionists
South – Pro Slavery
C. Sectionalism
1.
States Rights v. Spread of Slavery
D. Spark
1.
2.
Election of 1860
Fort Sumter
Seating Chart Period 5
Window
Door
Nick
Max
Laura
Daniel
Michael T
Julia
Mike M.
Lauren
Vanessa
Samrah
Angel
Brittany
Constance
Brian
Gretchen
Matt C
Diana
Peter
Stephen
Jenna
Shawn
Jane
Rene
Josh
Jake
Jefferson Davis
President of Confederacy
I. Timeline – Civil War
Civil War begin
1860
Lincoln elected
Feb 1861
Southern states
secede
April 11 1861
Spark:
Fort Sumter
Civil War ends
Jan 1863
The Emancipation
Proclamation
North
Advantages:
Productive Power
Economic Power
South
Advantages:
Home Court
Military Leaders
Disadvantages:
Conquer unknown territory
Disadvantages:
Export Economy
April 9 1865
General Lee
surrenders
620,000 Casualties = Most US deaths in
war EVER.
“We are here highly resolve that these dead shall not
have died in vain – that this nation under God, shall have
a new birth of freedom – and that government of the
people, by the people, shall not perish from the earth.
Gettysburg Address, Nov 19 1863
After 4 years of war, could Northerners and Southerners forgive each other?
Could they become unified as citizens of the same country?
How to bring former Confederate States back
into the United States?
What should be done to southern state
governments that fought against the United
States?
Should people who fought against
the United State be allowed to
become American citizens?
Should they be punished?
WHAT DO YOU THINK
While the Civil War was raging
A. The national debate centered on these
questions:
B. Under what terms should the defeated
Confederacy be reunited with the union?
C. Who should establish these terms – the
President or Congress
D. What should be the place of the former slaves
in the political life in the South?
III. Reconstruction Plans
They killed Lincoln!
How should we punish the South?
A.
B.
It is April 15, 1865. You are an American in a northern state.
Someone has just assassinated President Lincoln! Government
soldiers have hunted down the murderer, John Wilkes Booth. He was
part of a group of assassins. They also tried to kill Secretary of State
William Seward, but he will probably live. Booth and his group hated
Lincoln and the Union.
We Northerners are sad about the president’s death. We were angry
at the South for starting the war and killing so many of our soldiers,
but now we are furious! Lincoln wanted to make peace with the South.
He wanted to unite the states again quickly. Now Lincoln is dead. It is
time to punish the South for what they have done to our country and
to our president.
C.
Comprehension Questions:
C.
D.
E.
F.
Who are you in the decision?
Why are the northern states angry?
What part of the country do you think Booth is from?
What did Lincoln want to do after the War?
A.
Decision – How should we punish the South?
Choose one or more of the following options:
B.
Make the southern states pay for the damages caused
in the war
Make Southerners work for us as slaves
Abolish slavery
Keep our soldiers in the South
Don’t let whites in the South vote
Give Blacks the right to vote
The US Congress should choose the new southern
leaders
Redistribute southern property
Do not punish the South
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
J.
Timeline – Reconstruction Plans
1863
Lincoln 10 % Plan
July 1864
Wade- Davis Bill
Civil WarApril
ends
April 9th 1865
14 1865
Feb 1865
Amendment
13th
Iron Clad oath =
majority swear allegiance
=>Lincoln Pocket-veto
Lincoln
Assassinated
April 1865
Johnson’s Plan
Too Lenient:
swear loyalty – in return for amnesty
= approval of state govt
Allowed loyal pardoned whites to vote
state must ratify 13th amendment
Pro’s:
Faster reunion = faster rebuilding
Slavery must be abolished
Con’s:
too lenient terms for the return of the south
didn’t change the societal structure of the south
Granted pardon to confederate leaders
in return for support in upcoming election
(1866)
A life in Politics
A. Results:
1.
South Quickly met Johnson’s Conditions
a.
b.
2.
Johnson approved new state govt
Southern voters elect Representatives to Congress
Rebellion in Congress
a.
b.
c.
Standoff betw Radical Republicans and President
Radical Republicans refused to let Southern
Representatives into Congress
Instead Radicals formed a new plan for the South
IV. Changes in the South
Amendments & Govt Intervention
A. Constitutional Amendments
1.
13th Amendment
a.
2.
3.
abolish slavery
14th Amendments
a.
b.
Passed by Congress: 13 June 1866
Ratified: 9 July 1868
Equal protection & due process of the laws
Citizenship
15th
a.
Passed by Congress: 31 January 1865
Ratified: 6 December 1865
Amendments
Passed by Congress: 26 February 1869
Ratified: 3 February 1870
Vote cannot be denied (due to race, color or previous condition of
servitude)
b.
Left states with right to deny suffrage on other grounds
B. Result of Amend 13th Black Codes instituted
which
1.
Restricted rights of Freedmen
C. Freedman Bureau
Provide Aid to 4 mill freed blacks
1. Establish Hospitals ; Schools; Institutions of
higher Ed; Provide Food and Housing
D. Sharecropping = rented land pay
landowner a share of crop grown on
land.
E. Derogatory terms
1.
2.
Carpetbagger - reformer
traveling to South to help
fx. in the Freedmans
Bureau
Scalawags = white
southerner who support
the Republicans.
Term used by Former
Confederates
Problems to be dealt with
1) Dislike and fighting between the President
Johnson and Congress dominated by Radical
Republicans
2) Distrust and anger between Freedmen (African
Americans) and Southern Whites
3) Anger toward the north – arrival of
carpetbaggers (many of them Freedman
Bureau employees)
4) Anger towards white southerners backing the
Republican Party – scalawags
V. Radical Republicans
A. Radical Reconstruction
1. Election 1866 = Radicals won control of both
houses
2. For states to rejoin = new state constitution +
ratify 14th Amendment
3. outraged by rpts of violence against
freedmen = seek protection by military
4. Reconstruction Act to force change
a. 5 Military Districts in South; Commanded by Army Generals
The First Vote
appeared on the cover of Harper’s
Weekly on Nov 16 1867
A.
B.
C.
D.
When was this illustration
published
Describe the African American
in the center?
What is he doing?
Can you tell what he does for
a living?
How is the second man
different from the first?
VI. Constitutional Crisis
A. Impeachment - to accuse
1. House vote to impeach
(Feb 24 1868)
2. Charge: High crimes
and misdemeanors
3. Senate vote to remove
4. Not Convicted/ Political
motivated
5. Vote – 1 shy of 2/3
The Presidency of Ulysses. S.Grant
By the 1870’s Republicans were losing power. People in the north
were growing tired of trying to help the south, and were willing to let
the south run their own governments, even if it meant AfricanAmericans losing their rights.
Corruption in Grant’s presidency also contributed to the downfall of
Republicans. Grant gave many of his friends important jobs, many of
which stole money.
Grant won reelection in 1872, but many northerners lost faith in
reconstruction and democrats won valuable seats in government.
The amnesty act of 1872 restored the right to vote to nearly all white
southerners who voted for many democrats. Many other issues in the
south kept blacks from voting, allowing a great deal of control to move
into the hands of democrats.
26
Who elects the President of the U.S?
Name our two major political parties?
How does a presidential candidate
get nominated?
Who nominates him/her?
A.
The citizens of the United States do not elect their president
directly. When Americans cast their vote for a presidential
candidate, they are really voting for an elector--a delegate
pledged to vote for that same candidate. There are 538 such
electors chosen in every presidential election. As a group
they are known as the electoral college.
B.
A Candidate must win 270 electoral votes nationwide in
order to become president
VII End of Reconstruction
A. 1876 Election
1. Tilden (D) v Hayes (R)
a. Too close to call – electoral votes in dispute
b. Deal – Reps promise to end reconstruction
S. Dems let Rutherford become President
A cartoon threatening that the KKK would lynch
carpetbaggers,
Tuscaloosa, Alabama, Independent Monitor, 1868.
B. Jim Crow Laws/ Segregation
http://www.martinfrost.ws/htmlfiles/kkk1.html
1. Voting Restrictions
a. Paying to vote = Poll Taxes
b. Ability to read = Literacy Tests
c. Grandfather must have voted prior to Jan 1868 =
Grandfather Clause
http://www.martinfrost.ws/htmlfiles/kkk1.ht
ml
d. Intimidation by KKK
2. Plessy v Ferguson (1896)
a. legalize segregation by declaring:
“separate but equal facilities”
Who is the man on the left?
Who is the man on the Right?
What are the couple within the
shield doing?
Explain the drawing to the left of
the couple?
Explain the drawing to the right
of the couple
What is the coat of arms for the
shield?
What is “worse than slavery”?
What does it say on top by the
eagle?
What is “the lost cause”?
Does this cartoon in any way
illustrate the failure of
Reconstruction?
Look at the words below; use the words to compose 3 sentences that correctly
describe important initiatives of or events during the period of Reconstruction.
Freedmen’s Bureau
14th Amendment
Education
Sharecropping
Reconstruction
Voting
40 Acres and a Mule
Rebuilding
Below are some choices of how to deal with the South in our effort to
rejoin the Confederacy and the Union; Which would you pick?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Should the south be shown leniency? (10% swear
loyalty to union)
Should Southern plantations be broken up and given to
freed slaves?
No involvement in politics of former Confederate
Leaders (should not be allowed to vote or hold office)
Should the federal government provide food, clothing,
jobs and educational opportunities to the Freemen?
Should the south be controlled by Congress through
deployment of Soldiers to the South?