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Dynamic Planet 2017
1. Write your school name and school code in the appropriate locations on the answer sheet as well as on
the title page. Indicate the names of the participants at the bottom of the answer sheet. Write
LEGIBLY.
2. Turn in all exam materials at the end of this event. Missing exam materials will result in immediate
disqualification of the team in question. There is an exam packet and a blank answer sheet.
3. You may separate the exam pages. Re-staple them as you submit your materials to the supervisor.
Keep the answer sheet separate.
4. Only the answers provided on the answer page will are considered. Do not write outside the
designated spaces for each answer. Write LEGIBLY. Any writing that cannot be deciphered will be
marked incorrect.
5. Any questions that require calculation, no partial credit will be given. Only final answers with units
should be placed on the answer sheet.
6. Point values for each question are to be assumed a 1 point unless otherwise designated. If 2 or more
responses are required, all responses must be correct for credit.
7. Tiebreaker questions are identified with a (T#) indicating the first, second, third, etc. There are 12, and
they do not appear in numerical order. Tiebreaker questions count toward the overall grade, and are
only used as tiebreakers in the event of a tie. They will be ranked as follows
a. Correct answer
b. Incorrect answer
c. Not answered
If all tie breakers are used, then ties will be broken stating with Q1 and continuing till the tie is broken
8. When the time is up, the time is up. Continuing to write after the time is up risks immediate
disqualification.
9. Mocking, inappropriate, and/or nonsensical answers WILL result in disqualification.
Resource is as per the Science Olympiad Student Manual. “Participants may bring only one 8.5 ½ x 11 sheet
of paper of computer-generated or handwritten notes per team.” Any type of calculator is permitted. No
other resources are permitted.
MATCHING
Match the Layers of the Earth with the properties/features listed below:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
This layer has the maximum density
This layer is made-up of “lightest elements”
This layer has material that looks like Magma
This layer is believed to be neither liquid, nor solid
This layer is also referred to as Mesosphere
a. Lithosphere;
b. Asthenosphere;
c. Mantle;
d. Outer Core and
e. Inner Core
Match the names of the geologists with their important contributions
6.
7.
First to identify Transform Faults
First to note that India was originally a part of southern
landmass
8. Stated that “present is the key to the past”
9. His name will be forever associated with the term
“continental drift”
10. Used evidence from oceans to explain the reason(s) for
“drifting of the continents”
a. James Hutton;
b. Harry Hess;
c. J Tuzo Wilson;
d. Alfred Wegner;
e. Edward Suess
Match each type of fold with its description.
11.
12.
13.
14.
Anticline.
Basin.
Dome.
Syncline.
Description
a. Circular with layers bent downward in the middle.
b. Circular with layers bent upward in the middle.
c. Elongate with layers bent downward in the middle.
d. Elongate with layers bent upward in the middle.
Match each type of fold with its description.
15
16
17
18
19
Asymmetrical fold.
Non-plunging fold.
Overturned fold.
Recumbent fold.
Symmetrical fold.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Description
Axis of fold horizontal.
Both limbs horizontal with one up-side down.
Limbs with equal dip and both right-side up.
Limbs with unequal dip and both right-side up.
One limb up-side down but at an angle.
TRUE [A] & FALSE [B]
20 Elevation of Mt Everest is greater (in feet) than the depth of Marianna Trench in feet
21 The ocean Panthallasa surrounded the supercontinent Pangea
22 Los Angeles is on the “Continental” side of San Adreas Fault while San Francisco is along the Pacific Plate and will eventually sink into the
ocean
23 Age of the oceanic rocks are the same throughout the ocean basin
24 The two main tectonic features that can be used to identify Plate boundaries are Earthquakes and Volcanoes, and are present in all plate
boundaries
25 The mountain belts Appalachian & Urals formed during the geological period ranging between Rodinia & Pangea
26 Physical Geology includes study of both Internal (Weathering & Erosion) and External (Plate Tectonics) Processes
27 The rates of geological processes vary equally from “slow” to “rapid”
28 The East pacific Rise is spreading more rapidly than the Mid Atlantic Rift/Ridge System
29 The term “doubling of the crust” is associated with C-O Plate Boundary
30 In the case of O-O Plate boundary, the results include Trench and Mountains
31 The depth of the earthquakes originating in the Himalayan Mtns will most likely be deeper than those associated with Andes Mountains
32 The oldest of the Hawaiian Island is located on the SE portion of the Hawaiian Islands
33 The NA Plate movement is NW
34 All oceans are inter-connected Via the rift systems with the exception of Indian Ocean
35 East African Rift System could be referred to the “first” stage of Wilson’s Cycle
36 Thickest rocks in the ocean floor are along Mid Oceanic Rift/Ridge
37 The margins of all Plates generally coincide with the Ocean- Continent Boundaries
38 The Ocean based Transform Faults tend to break-up the Mid Oceanic rifts
39 Nazca Plate is an example of Major Plate Boundary (one of the 7)
Multiple Choice:
40 The currently accepted age of the earth is:
a. 220 Million
b. 542 Million
c. 2.5 Billion
d. 4.6 Billion
e. 65 Million
41 The age of Pangea is: [see options from above]
42 The age of “evolutionary big bang” is: [see options from above]
43 The age of the “dinosaur extinction”: [see options from above]
44 The “stabilization of ancient continents” occurred around: [see options from above]
45 The __________________ forms the relatively thin rigid plates of “plate tectonics”
a. Lithosphere
b. Crust
c. Hot Spot
d. Convection Currents
e. Cryosphere
46
47
48
49
All planets possess this tectonic feature [see above for options]
The Arctic & Antarctic regions of our planet : [see above for options]
This tectonic feature played an important role in the formation of Yellowstone [see above for options]
This tectonic feature plays an important role in the formation of Convergent & Divergent Boundaries [see above for options]
50 First to suggest that continents moved because the ocean floor carried them
a. Harry Hess
b. Edward Suess
c. Vines & Mathews
d. J. Tuzo Wilson
e. Tethys
51 This geologist(s) contribution was to show that continents can move both “laterally” and “vertically” [see above for options]
52 This geologist(s) contribution to Plate Tectonics was acknowledged by his peers by honoring him with the term “Cycle” after his name
[see above for options]
53 This geologist(s) contribution involved using “magnetic reversals” to support the concept of Sea Floor spreading [see above for options]
54 The historic name that occurred between India & Asia > what is it[see above for options]
55 How does the Mesosaurus fossil evidence support the
continental drift theory?
a. The Mesosaurus fossil evidence does not
support the continental drift theory. It proves it
wrong.
b. because it's unlikely that the Mesosaurus could
swim between continents
c. because the Mesosaurus lived millions of years
ago, when scientists believe the continents
began to drift
d. because it's unlikely that the Mesosaurus existed
on both continents.
56 Why was the discovery of no rocks older than 2 billion
years old on the ocean floor so important?
a. This evidence proved that new seafloor features
are constantly being added due to continental
drift.
b. This evidence proved that new seafloor features
are constantly being added due to reversals of
Earth's magnetic field.
c. This evidence proved that new seafloor features
are constantly being added due to seafloor
spreading.
d. This evidence proved that the rocks on the
seafloor were older than rocks on continents.
57 What are strike-slip faults?
a. a boundary where rocks on the same side of the
fault move in the same direction, but at different
rates
b. a boundary where rocks on opposite sides of the
fault move in opposite or the same directions at
different rates
c. a boundary where rocks move in the same
directions at the same rate
d. a boundary where rocks in the fault never move
58 What is the difference between normal faults and rift
valleys?
a. Rift valleys sometimes occur near normal faults,
but their formation is not related to these faults.
b. Rift valley formation has nothing to do with
normal faults.
c. Rift valleys are formed from normal faults.
d. Normal faults occur in the northern hemisphere,
but rift valleys only occur in the southern
hemisphere.
59 What do scientists believe is the force behind the plate
tectonics theory?
a. convection currents
b. the Sun's gravity
c. gravity slab pull
d. the movement of the planets
60 What evidence proved that South America, Africa, India,
and Australia were once covered by glaciers?
a. enormous valleys formed by glaciers
b. glacial deposits and rock surfaces scarred by
glaciers
c. cold climates
d. leftover portions of glaciers
61 How do scientists use sound waves to figure out the shape
of the ocean floor?
a. The longer it takes a sound wave to return to the
ship, the more shallow the water is.
b. The less time it takes a sound wave to return to
the ship, the deeper the water is.
c. The longer it takes a sound wave to return to the
ship, the colder the water is.
d. The longer it takes a sound wave to return to the
ship, the deeper the water is.
62 What is the plate tectonic theory?
a. the belief that Earth is broken into sections that
fit together into one sphere
b. the belief that continents have moved slowly
apart to their current locations on Earth
c. the belief that Earth's crust and upper mantle is
broken into sections
d. the belief that hot, less dense material is forced
up through Earth's crust through mid-ocean
ridges
63 What is the lithosphere?
a. large, flat stones sitting on top of malleable
magma
b. the plates that make up the crust and the upper
part of the mantle
c. the plates that make up the crust
d. the upper part of the mantle
64 How can crust disappear at the edge of a boundary?
a. The other edge of the boundary is being pulled
into Earth's core.
b. Gravity is pulling it down.
c. It is too dense and is sinking into Earth.
d. because new crust is being added to the other
edge of the boundary
65 What does plate tectonics cause?
a. all answers are correct
b. causes volcanoes
c. forms mountains
d. forms ocean basins
66 What is the continental drift theory?
a. the belief that continents are moving slowly
together from their current locations on Earth
b. the belief that continents have always been
located at their current locations on Earth
c. the belief that continents have moved slowly
apart to their current locations on Earth
d. the belief that continents have quickly moved
apart to their current locations on Earth
67 What is a transform boundary?
a. A transform boundary is when two plates collide.
b. A transform boundary is when two plates slide
past one another.
c. A transform boundary is when two plates move
toward each other.
d. A transform boundary is when two plates pull
away from each other.
68 How can Earth's plates move?
a. They only can move toward each other.
b. They can collide, pull apart, or slide against each
other.
c. They only converge or diverge.
d. They only collide or slide along each other.
69 What clue supported the continental drift theory?
a. Fossils of animals have been found on continents
separated by oceans.
b. all answers are correct
c. a puzzle-like fit of all the continents
d. Similar rock structures have been found on
different continents.
70 How do scientists explain the formation of underwater
mountain ranges?
a. convection currents
b. continental drift
c. strike-slip faults
d. seafloor spreading
71 What happens to rock around a sub ducting slab?
a. It goes under the other plate.
b. It goes over the other plate.
c. It combines with the other rock.
d. It disappears from Earth.
72 What is a magnetic field reversal?
a. when Earth's magnetic field suddenly disappears
for short periods of time
b. when Earth's magnetic field leaves the north
pole and enters the south pole
c. when Earth's magnetic field suddenly runs
east/west instead of south/north
d. when Earth's magnetic field leaves the south
pole and enters the north pole
73 What is a force that acts on rock to change its shape
and/or volume?
a. Deformation.
b. Folding.
c. Shear.
d. Strain.
e. Stress.
74 What behaviors are typical of rocks that are deeply
buried?
a. Brittle and elastic.
b. Brittle and plastic.
c. Ductile and elastic.
d. Ductile and plastic.
82 What geologic structure is a basin most similar to?
a. Anticline.
b. Syncline.
c. Normal fault.
d. Reverse fault.
e. Strike-slip fault.
75 What behaviors are typical of rocks at or near the earth's
surface?
a. Brittle and elastic.
b. Brittle and plastic.
c. Ductile and elastic.
d. Ductile and plastic.
83 What geologic structure is a dome most similar to?
a. Anticline.
b. Syncline.
c. Normal fault.
d. Reverse fault.
e. Strike-slip fault.
76 Which type of deformation of the earth's crust is
reversible?
a. Elastic deformation.
b. Plastic deformation.
84 What name is given to a sharp ridge resulting from erosion
of a dipping layer of resistant strata?
a. Ar�te.
b. Divide.
c. Esker.
d. Hogback.
e. Scarp.
77 What term refers to line made by the intersection
between a bedding plain and a horizontal plain?
a. Dip.
b. Joint.
c. Plunge.
d. Strike.
78 Which features are characteristic of anticlines?
a. Dip symbols pointing away from axis and oldest
rock in the middle.
b. Dip symbols pointing away from axis and
youngest rock in the middle.
c. Dip symbols pointing toward axis and oldest rock
in the middle.
d. Dip symbols pointing toward axis and youngest
rock in the middle.
79 Which features are characteristic of synclines?
a. Dip symbols pointing away from axis and oldest
rock in the middle.
b. Dip symbols pointing away from axis and
youngest rock in the middle.
c. Dip symbols pointing toward axis and oldest rock
in the middle.
d. Dip symbols pointing toward axis and youngest
rock in the middle.
80 What geologic structure is the San Rafael Reef in Utah an
example of?
a. Anticline.
b. Basin.
c. Dome.
d. Monocline.
e. Syncline.
81 What geologic structure are the Black Hills of South Dakota
an example of?
a. Anticline.
b. Basin.
c. Dome.
d. Monocline.
e. Syncline.
85 Which features tend to develop from tensional stress?
a. Anticlines.
b. Synclines.
c. Normal faults.
d. Reverse faults.
e. Strike-slip faults.
86 Which features tend to develop from shear stress?
a. Anticlines.
b. Synclines.
c. Normal faults.
d. Reverse faults.
e. Strike-slip faults.
87 Which features often form with no vertical displacement
of rock?
a. Anticlines.
b. Synclines.
c. Normal faults.
d. Reverse faults.
e. Strike-slip faults.
88 What are the cause and effect of movement along a
reverse fault?
a. Lengthening of the crust due to compression.
b. Lengthening of the crust due to tension.
c. Shortening of the crust due to compression.
d. Shortening of the crust due to tension.
89 What name is given to the block of rock above a fault?
a. Axis.
b. Foot wall.
c. Hanging wall.
d. Joint.
e. Scarp.
90 In what type of fault does the hanging wall move down
relative to the foot wall?
a. Normal fault.
b. Reverse fault.
c. Strike-slip fault.
d. Thrust fault.