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Glossary Chapter 6 accenting Nonverbal behaviors that emphasize part of a verbal message adaptors Unconscious bodily movements in response to the environment body orientation A type of nonverbal communication characterized by the degree to which we face forward or away from someone chronemics The study of how humans use and structure time complementing Nonverbal behaviors that emphasize part of a verbal message contradicting Nonverbal behavior that is inconsistent with a verbal message emblems Deliberate nonverbal behaviors with precise meanings that are known to virtually all members of a cultural group gestures Motions of the body, usually hands or arms, that have communicative value haptics the study of touching illustrators Nonverbal behaviors that accompany and support verbal messages intimate distance One of Hall's four distance zones, ranging from skin contact to 18 inches kinesics The study of body position and motion leakage Nonverbal behaviors that reveal information a communicator does not disclose verbally manipulators A type of nonverbal adaptors involving self-touching behaviors microexpression a brief facial expression mixed messages Situation in which a persons' words are incongruent with his or her nonverbal behavior monochronic Behavior emphasizing punctuality, schedules, and completing one task at a time nonverbal Messages expressed by other than linguistic means communication paralanguage Nonlinguistic means of vocal expression: rate, pitch, tone, and so on personal distance One of Hall's four distance zones, ranging from 18 inches to 4 feet polychronic An approach to the use of time that emphasizes flexibility and pursuing multiple tasks posture The way in which individuals carry themselves-erect, slumping, and so on proxemics The study of how people use interpersonal space and distance public distance One of Hall's four distance zones, extending outward from 12 feet regulating One function of nonverbal communication in which nonverbal cues control the flow of verbal communication among individuals repeating Nonverbal behaviors that duplicate the content of a verbal message social distance One of Hall's distance zones ranging from 4 to 12 feet substituting Nonverbal behavior that takes the place of a verbal message territory A stationary area claimed by an individual