Download Decontamination

Decontamination
Decontamination
• Two Methods
– Method 1-washing or cleaning
1. Make sure to remove all debris and hair from
implements
2. Wash the implement with warm water and soap
3. Clean the implement; should also use a nail brush
or stiff bristle brush
4. Make sure the implements are dried with a clean
towel
– Disinfection
• Usually immersing the implements in a wet
sanitizer
Why do we follow these steps??
• Why should the implement be free of
debris? Why not just place it in the wet
sanitizer and let the disinfectant do the
work????
• Why should we dry the implement? It’s
only going to get wet again in the wet
sanitizer???
Well….I will tell you why….
• If we place the implement in the wet
sanitizer while it is still laden with debris,
then the disinfectant will have to work too
hard to break through the debris before it
gets to the implement and by the time it
gets there---it’s conked out! Think of a
dishwasher and dirty, grimy dishes!!
What about the water Miss K??
• Well the wet sanitizer is made with water,
so a little more won’t hurt, right?
WRONG! The solution in a wet sanitizer is
a fixed ratio and needs to stay that way to
work!
– More water equals a weaker, more diluted
solution and that equals No Bueno! The
efficacy of the solution is dependant upon the
correct mixture!
3 ways to clean:
• Washing with soap and warm water, then
scrubbing with a clean and disinfected nail
brush
• Using an ultrasonic unit
• Using a cleaning solvent
– Such as a spray disinfectant on surfaces like a
counter-top!
Important Tid-bits
• Disinfecting does not destroy all microorganisms; especially not spores!
• Disinfectants should never be used on the
skin
• Any disinfectants used in the salon should
carry an EPA-registration number!
Method 2
• Sterilization
• Most effective measures are high-pressure
steam equipment
– Autoclaves
– Completely destroy ALL microbial life
• Even spores!!!!
• Dry heat
– Less efficient and require longer periods of
time exposed to higher heat…..
• Should not be used in salons
Steam Autoclave
Autoclave
Pouches
Steam Autoclaves
• CDC requires that autoclaves be tested
weekly to assure their efficacy; called a
spore test!
– They place test organisms in sealed plastic
pouches and ran through a cycle
– They then are sent to a laboratory that
specializes in autoclave testing
Important to Know…..
• Not every implement or tool can be
sterilized therefore, the EPA does not
require salons to use them…..
– With the exception of good ole’ Texas! YeeHaw!!
• However, they are a great added tool that
every salon should have
Choosing Disinfectants
• Must be EPA registered
• Must have the correct efficacy– the labels
will tell you what germs the disinfectant
kills!
• Some Ideal qualities
– Bioburden Effectiveness (what is Bioburden?)
– Inexpensive
– Readily available
– Has no odor
– Non corrosive
Proper Use of Disinfectants
• On pre-cleaned, non-porous surfaces
• Mix/dilute according to directions
• Know the contact time
– For spray and immersion
• Know whether spray or complete
immersion is called for
• Know when to toss it!
Hospital Level……
• If your implements come in contact with
blood, you will need a hospital disinfectant
that can kill HIV, TB, and Hepatitis!!
• They must be cleaned 1st and then
completely immersed in the solution!!
• Always wear gloves…..
Types of:
• Quats- Quaternary Ammonium Compounds
– Most disinfect in 10 mins
– Long term exposure may damage fine steel ( scissors)
• Phenolics
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Can be harmful to environment
Can damage rubber and plastic; can cause rust
Should never be used in pedicure tubs or pedi equipment
AVOID SKIN CONTACT
• Phenols have a very high pH can seriously burn eyes
and skin!!!!
• Accelerated Hydrogen Peroxide
– Only needs to be changed every 14 days
– Nontoxic to the skin & environment
– They have an AHP formula on the market for pedi spas
Cont’d…..
• Bleach
– 5.25% Sodium Hypochlorite (household bleach)
– Effective as disinfectant in the salon
– Can be used for laundry
• Fumigants- 2 kinds
– Formalin tablets
• Used years ago as fumigants in dry-cabinet sanitizers
• Used before EPA-registered disinfectants came on the market
and before they knew that these tablets released
formaldehyde gas
– Release of this gas can cause eye, nose, and lung irritation
– Glutaraldehyde- dangerous chemical/ don’t use
Disinfectant Safety
• Wear gloves and safety glasses
• Avoid skin and eye contact
• Add disinfectant to water, not water to
disinfectant
• Use tongs or gloves and a draining basket
• Carefully weigh and measure…why?
• Never pour over skin
Disinfect or Dispose
• Multiuse---can you name some??
• Single-use--- can you name some???
• Pourous---can you name some????
Remember: When in doubt, toss it out!!!!
Electrical Equipment
• Includes: Clippers, nail drills, etc.
• Must used a disinfectant that is designed
for use on these devices
– i.e. The clipper spray
• Make sure that any contact points that
cannot be immersed in liquid disinfectant
are thoroughly disinfected according to
manufacturer’s directions.
Non-Electrical Tools
• All multi-use tools and implements
– Shears, cuticle nippers, combs, etc….
• Mix all disinfectants according to the
•
manufacturer’s instructions
Only a steam autoclave will work at sterilizing
implements!
– Not Ultraviolet (UV) sanitizers
– Dry Heat Sanitizers are not effective unless left with
high heat for a looong time
• Remember you may only use disinfectants that
are:
– EPA registered
– Capable of destroying most all bacteria and viral
pathogens
Work Surfaces
• All surfaces should be cleaned and
disinfected before each client!
– Counter, sinks, chairs, arm-rests, styling
stations, and any surface that touches a
client’s skin!
– Doorknobs and handles should be cleaned
daily to reduce germs!
Cleaning Towels, Linens, and Capes
• Must use clean linens on each client
– Capes, towels, etc.
• Make sure that they are completely dry!
– Or they will grow mildew and bacteria
• Store in covered or closed containers
• Use disposable towels when possible, even
in restrooms
• Do Not allow capes to touch client’s skin
– Use disposable neck strips or towels
– If the cape does touch the client’s skin, do not
use again until the cape has been laundered
Jets and Water Intakes
Whirlpool Jet
Water Intake
Foot Spas and Pedicure Equipment
• All equipment that fills with water for a
pedicure must be cleaned and disinfected
after every pedicure!!
– Whirlpool spas, pipe-less units, foot baths,
tubs, sinks, and bowls…..
• You must also enter the information into a
logbook of when you clean it!
– If an inspector comes to your salon, he can
and may issue fines for not having a logbook!
So what should we use to clean?
• Chelating soaps also known as
chelating detergents
– They work to break down the stubborn films
that stay around the tub basins
• Important for the removal of the scrubs, salts, and
masks used in pedicures
– They work in all types of water
• Well, city, etc.
– Low-sudsing
• Important because you can’t have suds all over!
– Specially formulated to work in areas with
hard tap water
Additives, Powders, and Tablets
• None can take the place of cleaning
• Cannot be used to replace EPA-registered
disinfectants
• Water sanitizers can also not be used
– I.E. chlorine or bromine
– Chloramine T
– Only treat the water
designed for Jacuzzis
REMEMBER: THERE ARE NO SHORTCUTS
Disinfecting after each client
1. Put on gloves; drain all water from the basin
2. Scrub all visible residue from the basin with:
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•
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Clean disinfected brush
Liquid soap
Clean, warm water
3. Rinse basin with clean, warm water and drain
4. Refill the basin with enough clean water to cover the
jets
Mix the EPA-registered disinfectant into the
water, why?
5.
•
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Make sure that the water is filled to the correct amount
according to the manufacturer’s directions
Needs to run through the for 10 mins!
6. Drain, rinse with clean water, and wipe the basin dry
with clean paper towel
Hand Washing
• One of THE most important things you can
do to prevent germs spreading
• Washing the folds of your skin, free edge
of the nail plate…..
• Wash thoroughly before and after each
client/service
• If a nail service:
• have the client wash their hands first and clean
nails with clean nail brush
How to Wash Your Hands
• Antimicrobial and Antibacterial hand soaps
can dry the skin
– There is no evidence to prove they work any
better than soap or detergents
• Avoid using very hot water
– This can damage skin
• Repeated washing can dry out the hands,
so use moisturizing hand lotion often
Waterless Hand Sanitizers
• Also known as Antiseptics
• Chemical germicides formulated for use on the
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skin
Regulated by the FDA
May contain either alcohol or benzalkonium
chloride (less drying to the skin than alcohol)
– Neither can remove dirt and debris
• Never use antiseptics to disinfect implements
and surfaces
– Ineffective for disinfection
Universal Precautions
• Standards set out by OSHA—assume that
all blood and bodily fluids are infectious!
• We handle it this way because some
infected persons show no symptoms, they
are asymptomatic
• Bloodborne pathogens are more difficult
to kill than germs that live outside the
body
• OSHA sets these standards to protect you
There has been an Exposure!!!! There has been an exposure!!!
Exposure Incident
• Contact with broken skin, blood, body fluid or
another potentially infectious material has
taken place!!!!!
1. Stop the Service
2. Put on Gloves!
3. Stop the bleeding with cotton ball or piece of gauze
and apply pressure
4. When the bleeding stops, clean the infected area
with an antiseptic wipe. Every salon should and
must have a first aid kit!
5. Bandage the cut
6. Clean AND Disinfect your workstation or styling
station using EPA registered disinfectant
7. Discard all single-use contaminated objects by
double bagging and placing a biohazard sticker on
the bag
Cont’d
8. Make sure that all tools and implements are
thoroughly cleaned and disinfected;
completely immerse them in EPA registered
disinfectant designed for blood/body fluids
OR 10% bleach solution for at least 10mins!!
9. Take off your gloves and seal them in the
double bag. Clean and wash your hands.
10. Return to the service and recommend that
your client sees a physician if redness,
swelling or pain develops