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9/23/2014 Introduction Decontamination and Infection Control A clean salon gives a good impression to the client If proper care is not taken, you could contribute to the spread of disease Disease causing germs will be the biggest enemy in your salon Objectives Define universal precautions and know your responsibilities as salon professional Explain and Understand the importance of decontamination Explain the difference between sanitation, disinfection, and sterilization Discuss how to safely handle and use disinfectant products Describe which cleaners, equipment and disinfectants are useful for salons Infection Control Hand washing Gloves Safety glasses Universal Precautions Some people have diseases such as Hepatitis B Virus but they are asymptomatic-they have no symptoms or signs of infection Because not all clients with infectious diseases can be identified the same infection control practices should be used with all clients-Universal Precautions Sanitation and Universal Precautions 1 9/23/2014 Three Main Levels of Decontamination Blood! What do you do? – Stop Immediately – Put on gloves (if not you) – Cover area with bandage – Discard all disposable contaminated objects by DOUBLE BAGGING sterilization Disinfection Placing in a trash bag then placing it in the trash bin Sanitation – Remove gloves & wash hands properly – Disinfect all tools coming in contact Sanitation The last (and lowest) level of decontamination Literally means to reduce the number of pathogens (or disease causing bacteria) – Ex: removing hair from a brush & washing brush with detergent. Salon tools are sanitized with soaps or detergents May still harbor pathogens Mold & Mildew Mold – a fungus that grows in dark, damp places Mildew – a moldy coating made bu fungus that occur on walls, fabrics, and also in damp areas BOTH mildew and mold carry TOXINS that can cause allergic reactions in some people Washing Your Hands Removes microorganisms from the folds and grooves of your skin Avoid touching bar soap, towel dispensers, or door knobs afterwards OVERUSE of antibacterial hand washes can leave your skin open to problems like eczema and drying of your skin Antiseptics Kill, slow down, or prevent the growth of bacteria They are still weaker than disinfectants and are safe to apply to the skin They are not adequate for use on instruments and surfaces 2 9/23/2014 Disinfection Provides the level of protection needed in the salon by killing most organisms. Disinfectants are substances that kill microbes on contaminated tools and other nonporous surfaces. They are not for use on human skin, hair or nails They are serious professional strength products EPA – Tells consumer what product has been tested against lik HIV and Hepatitis B MSDS Federal law requires manufacturers provide an information sheet called MSDSmaterial safety data sheet Provides: directions for proper use, safety precautions, list of active ingredients, hazards, storage requirements, and combustion levels Law requires that the MSDS be kept for EVERY product in your salon. OSHA This Act is important to cosmetologists because of the nature of the chemicals we use, for storing, mixing, and disposal of chemicals To meet requirements of the OSHA and the salon, a disinfectant must have the correct EFFICACY or effectiveness to fight against bacteria, fungi, and viruses All disinfectants must be approved by the EPA-Environmental Protection Agency All disinfectant’s label must have an EPA registration number OSHA The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is part of the department of Labor that regulates and enforces safety and health standards in the workplace. The OSHA Act of 1970-regulates employee exposure to toxic substances and informs the employee of toxic and dangerous substances in the workplace. Efficacy TERMS (to remember) Pseudomonacidal – fights Pseudomonas bacteria Bactericidal – fights ALL bacteria Virucidal – fights ALL viruses Tuberculocidal – fights stronger viruses like HIV, TB, and HBV 3 9/23/2014 Hospital Disinfectants To meet salon requirements, a disinfectant must be effective against bacteria, fungi, and viruses Other Surfaces It is important to disinfect all surfaces : Combs, brushes, scissors, razors, nippers, electrodes, counter tops, foot baths, door knobs, finger bowls, telephones, and cash registers To properly disinfect: 1. clean with suitable cleaner 2. Apply disinfectant 3. Leave wet for at least 10 minutes 4. Dry Types of Disinfectants-QUATS There are several types of salon disinfectants QUATS-Quaternary Ammonium Compounds are safe, odorless, and fast acting Most quats disinfect in 10 to 15 minutes Effective for tools & countertops Types of Disinfectants-PHENOLS Phenols are another type of disinfectant used in the salon They are used mostly on metal instruments Phenols can cause skin irritation Extremely poisonous Alcohol 2 Alcohol 1 3Types of alcohol Methyl Alcohol – methanol Ethyl Alcohol – ethanol or grain alcohol Isopropyl Alcohol – rubbing alcohol methyl ethyl isopropyl Ethyl and isopropyl are used in the salon for disinfecting Ethyl Alcohol must be 70% to be effective Isopropyl must be 99% Ethyl and Isopropyl are sometimes used to disinfect tools, however, many states do not allow alcohols to be used as disinfectants! 4 9/23/2014 Bleach Ultrasonic Cleaners Household bleach sodium hypochlorite is not designed for disinfecting salon implements. Products such as Pine Sol, and Lysol can be used on the floors, and in the bathrooms, sinks and waste receptacles but should not be used on salon implements. Use high frequency waves to create bubbles in liquids. They must be used with a disinfectant to be effective Sterilization Safety Sterilization is the most effective type of decontamination against microbes Even kills bacteria spores Steam autoclave and dry heat It is multi-step Time consuming and difficult It is not practical for the beauty salon Your Professional Responsibility Protect Protect Protect Protect yourself your client your safety your craft and profession Read labels before using-Any professional salon product can be dangerous if used incorrectly Safety Precautions - 1 USE CAUTION Always wear gloves (esp when mixing) Always add disinfectant to water and NOT water to disinfectant Keep Away from Children Never pour quats or phenols over your hands Never place in unmarked containers (Label all containers) Always disinfect according to EPA guidelines 5 9/23/2014 Safety Precautions 2 – Tools 1 Most tools used in a salon can be disinfected including combs, brushes, rollers, picks, scissors, tweezers, and nail clippers. Pre-clean tools Rinse thoroughly and pat dry Put on gloves Mix disinfectants to EPA guidelines Safety Precautions 3 – Tools 2 Add tools to disinfectants Watch the time!!! Use tongs when removing implements Rinse and dry Place tools in clean container Safety Precautions 4 All lines should be cleaned with bleach after use All tools that cannot be put into a liquid should be cleaned with a spray disinfectant made for electrical equipment Use tongs when removing implements All work stations, including doorknobs, handles, and other high-use areas should be cleaned also routinely throughout the day CAUTION In the past, formalin was recommended as a disinfectant and fumigant. It is not safe for salon use. The gas released from formalin tablets is called formaldehyde. It is a suspected human cancer causing agent. It is poisonous to inhale and is irritating to eyes, noise, throat and lungs. Foot spas can house bacteria and parasites if not cleaned properly 6