Download Organ Systems

Organ Systems
1. Cardiovascular or Circulatory system: Consists of heart, blood vessels, and
blood.
Heart: Is made up of left and right ventricles and right and left atria (a pump)
Blood vessels: Are arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins.
Blood: Is made up of plasma, red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells
(leukocytes), and platelets (thrombocytes).
Function: Organ system in which blood vessels distribute blood under
pumping action of the heart. Rapidly transports many materials to and from
interstitial fluid and cells; helps stabilize pH and temperature.
2. Lymphatic system or Immune system: Consists of lymph organs (spleen,
thymus, lymph nodes) and lymph (fluid consists of white cells)
Function: Immunity; collects and returns some tissue-fluids to the blood
stream; defends the body against infection and tissue damage.
3. Digestive system: Consists of oral cavity (mouth), esophagus, stomach,
small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus.
Function: Ingests food and water mechanically, chemically breaks down food,
and absorbs small molecules into internal environment; eliminated food
residues.
4. Respiratory system: Consists of nasal cavity (nose), windpipe (trachea), and
lungs (bronchus and bronchiole).
Function: Rapidly delivers oxygen to the tissue fluid that bathes all living
cells; removes carbon dioxide wastes of all cells; helps regulate pH.
5. Excretory system or Urinary system: Consists of kidneys, ureters, urinary
bladder, urethra, and urine.
Function: Maintains the volume and composition of internal environment;
excretes excess fluid and blood-borne wastes.
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6. Nervous system: Central nervous system: Brain and spinal cord. Peripheral
nervous system: Peripheral nerves. Sense organs: Chemical sense (sense of
taste, sense of smell), Mechanoreceptors (Touch, vibration, hearing and
balance), photoreceptors (sense of vision), pain receptors.
Function: Detects external and internal stimulus, controls and coordinates
the response to stimulus; integrates all organ system activities.
7. Skeletal system: Bones
Function: Movement support and protects body parts; provides muscle
attachment sites, produces red blood cells (bone marrow), stores calcium
phosphate (hydroxyapatite), and collagen (a fibrous protein).
8. Muscular system: Muscles
Function: Movement; moves body and its internal parts, maintains posture,
generates heat by increases in metabolic activity. Muscle contracts and
shortens as actin and myosin fibers get into each other.
9. Endocrine system: Consists of glands and hormones.
Function: Hormonally controls body functions, with nervous system
integrate short-term and long-term activities.
10. Integumentary system: Consists of skin, epidermis, dermis, keratin (a
fibrous protein) in hair, nails and over skin.
Function: Protects body from injury, dehydration, and some pathogens,
controls its temperature, excretes certain wastes, receives some internal
stimuli.
11. Reproductive system:
Female: Produces eggs; after fertilization affords a protected, nutritive
environment for the development of new individuals.
Male: Produces and transfers sperm to the female.
Hormones of both systems also influence other organ systems.
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