Download 4 - Starfield Products

World History
Mr. Corrigan
4.1 Early People of the Aegean
Geography of Greece
- surrounded by water- Aegean Sea, Ionian
Sea, and Mediterranean Sea
- mountains!
- Climate – moderate temperature
Crete- early civilization that adopted ideas from
Egypt & Mesopotamia and influenced Greeks
Knossos-town where the palace in which many
rulers lived was located
Religious shrines-areas dedicated to the honor of
gods and goddesses
Frescoes-watercolor paintings done on wet plaster
Mycenaeans-European people who conquered the
Greek mainland before overrunning Crete
-
trade = wealth
Trojan War
o Legend & actual event
o Why did it occur?
 Straits-narrow passages of
water
 Helen of Troy- captured by
Trojan prince, Paris, and
Mycenaeans sailed to troy to
rescue her
Homer
- Wrote Iliad- source of info about Trojan
War & story of Achilles and OdysseyGreek hero Odysseus returning home from
Trojan War
- Values of archaic Greeks- honor, courage,
eloquence
4.2 The Rise of Greek City-States
Polis = city-state
New governments
- Monarchy- a hereditary ruler exercises
central power
- Aristocracy- rule by a hereditary
landholding elite
Oligarchy – rule by a smallStudy
wealthy
Guide
elite,2
not hereditary
10/4/11
- Democracy- government by the people
Athens & Sparta
- How are they different? Athens focused
on culture, while Sparta focused on their
army.
- Role of Women-Athenian women had no
political life & were housekeepers.
Spartan women were taken care of so
they could produce healthy sons for the
army.
- Education – taught math, Greek
language/literature, art, logic, music,
science and rhetoric for public speaking
- Government- a limited democracy
- Why do they eventually go to war? Greek
revolt
Corinth
- Not everyone can go there. Why? Living
in the city was very expensive and it had
a high standard of living.
Rise of Democracy
- 3 reasons: colonies, democranization of
war, “tyrants”
Tyrants
- How are Greek Tyrants different from
modern tyrants? Greek tyrants governed
well, while modern tyrants are brutal
rulers.
Solon
- “Isonomia” – equality before law
- “Ecclesia” – assembly of citizens
o Quorum – assembly of citizens
that established voting procedures
- Economic reforms – what? Why are they
helpful, democratic?
- Outlaw debt slavery
Pisistratus
- lands and loans to poor
- building projects
Cleisthenes
- Council of 500
- Debated & voted on laws
- Male citizens served 1 year terms and
could serve up to 2x to avoid 1 person
from getting too much power
- Who could participate in the Assembly?
All citizens
- Requirements to be a citizen…
-
Common Greek Culture
- view of the foreigners- Foreigners were
called barbaroi, or barbarians
- religion- polytheistic. Religion was very
important to the Greeks.
- Language
4.3 Conflict in the Greek World
Persian Wars
- # 1- Greeks rebelled against Persian rule
- Marathon- Persians greatly outnumbered
Athens, but Athens won.
- Pheidippides
- Darius I- Persian leader who was angry at
Athens for uprising
- #2 (Have you ever seen 300? Me
neither…)- Xerxes takes over for his father
and sends more troops in 480 BC
- Themistocles- urged Greeks to build a fleet
of ships
- Xerxes- Darius’s son
- King Leonidas- led Spartans
- Thermopylae- narrow mountain pass where
a small Spartan force gathered
- Burned Athens
- Strait of Salamis
o What advantage did the Athenian
navy have? Large navy
Consequences of Persian Wars
- Delian League formed
- $$  Athens
o Rebuild, create empire
o Golden Age
- Athens has strongest navy
The Peloponnesian War
- Why did it occur? Sparta & allies form
Peloponnesian League to rival Delian League, and
war breaks out
- Advantages of both sides
 Athens- naval superiority, money
from Delian League, long walls of
Athens
 Sparta- strongest army, located
inland, safe from Athenian army
- What contributed to Athens losing? Athens
wanted to avoid fighting on land and was under
siege from Sparta
- Plague, loss at Syracuse (I dislike Syracuse…)destroyed much of the Athenian fleet
Consequences of the Athenian Defeat- Greek
domination declines and power rises in
Macedonia
4.4
The Glory that was Greece
“Golden Age of Greece”
- Why was it “Golden”? time of peace,
more money
- 4 reasons
Direct Democracy
- why is it different now?
- Stipend
- Juries
- OstracismCulture
- Art, Architecture
- Characteristics of Greek Art- glorified
human beings and combined beauty and
usefulness
- Golden Ratio- 5/3, was aesthetically
pleasing
- Literature- tragic dramas and comedies
- Playwrights
- History
o Herodotus- “Father of History”,
gathered info using secondary
sources
o Thucydides- History of the
Peloponnesian War, used primary
sources
Philosophy
- What does “philosopher” mean? “lovers
of wisdom”
- Socrates
o Gadfly of Athens
o Socratic Method- asked series of
questions to challenge people to
think about their answers
o What happened to him?- put on
trial for corrupting the city’s
youth and was executed.
- Plato
-
o The Republic- described his vision
of an ideal state
o Perfect government/ society
o Who is on top? Philosophers
o Why? They were wise and could
ensure order & justice.
o Allegory of the Cave- Philosophers
were wise, but other people thought
they were crazy and rejected them
because of their knowledge.
Aristotle
o Golden Mean- a perfect way of
living
o Thoughts on democracy- thought it
could lead to mob rule
o Lyceum- a school for a study of all
branches of knowledge
4.5 - Alexander and the Hellenistic Age
Philip II
- Battle of Chaeronea- battle where Phillip II
defeated Athens & Thebes
- League of Corinth- Assassination- assassinated at mother’s
wedding
Alexander
- Crosses the Dardanelles
- Granicus and Issus
Darius III
Conquers Persian Empire
How does Alexander die? Fever
What happens to his empire? It is divided between
3 generals
Legacy of Alex and Hellenistic Age
- Assimilation- blending of cultures
- Alexandria, Egypt
o Pharos-lighthouse, library
- Scholarly works
- New ways of thinking
o Archimedes- “father of physics”
o Hippocrates- studied causes of
illnesses and looked for cures
o Pythagoras- Pythagorean theorem
- Role of women- could be educated and
become leaders
Don’t Forget To Study The Map!!