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ANCIENTEGYPT CH4:Section1:pp.86–89inWorldHistorytextbook THEGEOGRAPHYOFANCIENTEGYPT THEBIGIDEA:Thewater,fertilesoils,andprotectedsettingoftheNileValleyallowed agreatcivilizationtoariseinEgyptaround3200BCE. THEMAINIDEAS: 1. EgyptwascalledthegiftoftheNilebecausetheNileRivergavelifetothedesert. 2. CivilizationsdevelopedalongtheNileafterpeoplebeganfarminginthisregion. 3. StrongkingsunifiedallofEgypt. VOCABULARY: 1. 2. 3. 4. cataracts[p.87]:strongrapids;waterfalls delta[p.87]:atriangle-shapedareasoflandmadefromrichsoildeposits Menes[p.89]:EgyptiankingwhounifiedUpperandLowerEgypt pharaoh[p.89]:titleusedbytherulersofEgypt 5. dynasty[p.89]:aseriesofrulersfromthesamefamily I. TheGiftoftheNile a. LocationandPhysicalFeatures i. Nile:spans4,000milesfromcentralAfricatotheMediterraneanSea 1. Longestriverintheworld 2. Civilizationdevelopedalong750milestretch ii. Regions: 1. SouthernRegion:UpperEgypt(upriver) 2. NorthernRegion:LowerEgypt(downriver) iii. PhysicalFeatures: 1. Cataracts:madesailingtheNiledifficult 2. Delta:2/3offarmlandlocatedhere 3. Swampsandmarshes b. TheFloodsoftheNile i. Flooding:mostofEgyptwasmadeupofdesertduetolittlerainfall 1. Everyyear,rainfallinsouthernhighlandswouldcauseNiletoflood 2. NilewaseasiertopredictthanTigrisandEuphratesinMesopotamia ii. Silt:madesoilinNileRiverValleyidealforfarming 1. Becausesiltwasblack,Egyptianscalledtheirland“blackland”vs.the landofthedrydesertcalled“redland” 2. Egyptiansconsideredthefloodstobemiraculousandlife-giving II. CivilizationDevelopsAlongtheNile a. Hunter-gatherers: i. LivedinNileRiverValleyover12,000yearsago ii. Foundplants,wildanimals,andfishtoeat(diet) iii. Learnedhowtofarmandestablishedsmallvillages b. Mesopotamia: i. Developedirrigationsystemsandbasinstocollectwater ii. Builtcanalstodirectwaterflowtowaterfields c. Diet: i. Farmersgrewwheat,barley,fruits,andvegetables ii. Raisedcattleandsheep iii. Riverprovidedfish,geese,andducks iv. Dietwas,therefore,variedandhealthy d. NaturalBarriers: i. MadeEgyptdifficulttoinvade 1. Deserttothewest 2. MediterraneanSeatonorthandRedSeatoeast 3. CataractsontheNiletothesouth ii. Protectedfrominvaders,Egyptgrew.Wealthyfarmersheldpowerover multiplevillages. iii. 2Kingdomsformed:LowerEgyptandUpperEgypt III. KingsUnifyEgypt a. 3100BCE: i. MenesrosetopowerinUpperEgypt ii. MenessoughttofinishunificationstartedbytheScorpionKing b. InvasionofMenes: i. MenesunitedbothUpperandLowerkingdomsandmarriedLowerEgyptian princesstostrengthencontrolovertheregion ii. Menesworebothkingdomcrowns(white“bowlingpin”crownandredcobra crown)incombinationtoshowunity. c. Memphis: i. MenesbuiltcapitalcityofMemphisatthesoutherntipoftheNileRiverDelta ii. MemphisbecamethepoliticalandculturecenteroftheFirstDynasty. d. FirstDynasty: i. Lasted200years