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Name:___________________ Date:____________________ Chapter 7 History Study Guide Know what the following words mean: 1. Delta: A piece of land that slowly builds up over the years by loose sand and soil at the mouth of a river. 2. papyrus: A plant that has a brownish flower and grows to be about 10-13 feet tall. Paper was made from this plant by layering the leaves of it. 3. pharaoh: the god/king of Ancient Egypt. The word means “great house” 4. cataracts: a large bed of rocks piled in a river that produces small water falls – or rapids. 5. vizier: an overseer of all the works of a king, next in importance to the king. 6. Famine: A period of time when there is a serious shortage of food. 7. Hieroglyphics: The ancient Egyptians’ system of writing using pictures. 8. Obelisk: tall pointed pillar built to honor the Egyptian sun god. 9. Mummy: a preserved body 10. Sphinx: The head of a man with the body, legs and paws of a lion that guards one of the great pyramids. What is the “Gift of the Nile?”___Egypt______ What desert covers most of Egypt and is the world’s largest desert? ___Sahara Desert ______ What landform is at the opening of the Nile? ___Delta_________ What was the key to unlocking the ancient Egyptian writing? ______The Rosetta Stone ____ What device was used to irrigate the ancient Egyptian fields? ___shadoof______ Who was the Bible Character who was second in command to the Pharaoh? ___Joseph__________________ What is the name for the secretary to the ruler in a court? ___scribe__________ Who was the only woman pharaoh of ancient Egypt? __Hatshepsut__________ Who was the king who united Upper and Lower Egypt? __Menes__________ Who built the Great Pyramid near Cairo? ____Khufu_______________________ What is the second largest continent? _____Africa__________________ What is the highest mountain in Africa? ____Kilimanjaro_________ What is the world’s longest river? ______Nile_______________ Know what these landforms are 1. mountain: landform that is higher than a hill 2. plain: flat or level area of land 3. plateau: a highland plain 4. valley: lowland between mountains Know 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. where these places are on a map of Ancient Egypt: Thebes Mt. Sinai Memphis Nile River Sinai Peninsula Be able to describe what the two landforms that gave special protection to Egypt and how they protected Egypt. The landforms were deserts and the cataracts in the Nile River. Enemies of Egypt would not dare risks their lives crossing the burning desert. The cataracts made it impossible to sail in to Egypt. Be able to describe each of the three Egyptian seasons. Flood season: June through September they built things and trapped water Planting season: October through February they planted crops. Harvest season: March through May harvested crops and prepared for the next year.